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Thirteen pediatric patients with severe BKV\u2010HC from December 2013 to December 2015 were treated with MSCs. The number of MSCs transfused in each session was 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/kg once a week until the symptoms improved. The median follow\u2010up time was 1432 (89\u20102080) days. The median frequency of MSC infusion was 2 (1\u20103), with eight cured cases and five effective cases; the total efficacy rate was 100%. The copy number of urine BKV DNA was 4.43 (0.36\u201056.9) \u00d710<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\/mL before MSC infusion and 2.67 (0\u201056.3) \u00d710<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\/mL after MSC infusion; the difference was not significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.219). There were no significant differences in the overall survival, disease\u2010free survival, and the incidence of relapse and acute and chronic graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease between the MSC infusion group and non\u2010MSC infusion group. There was also no significant difference in the cytomegalovirus, Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV), and fungal and bacterial infection rates between the two groups. Although umbilical cord blood\u2013derived MSCs do not reduce the number of BKV DNA copies in the urine, the cells have a high efficacy rate and minimal side effects in treating severe BKV\u2010HC after UCBT among pediatric patients. MSCs do not affect the rates of relapse, long\u2010term infection, or survival of patients with leukemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T09:38:09Z","timestamp":1579167489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects and long\u2010term follow\u2010up of using umbilical cord blood\u2013derived mesenchymal stromal cells in pediatric patients with severe BK virus\u2010associated late\u2010onset hemorrhagic cystitis after unrelated cord blood transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1567-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology of Anhui Provincial Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 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