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Cases of sequential infection with EBV and cryptococcal encephalitis in post\u2010transplant patients are rare. We describe a 5\u2010year\u2010old boy with X\u2010linked adrenoleukodystrophy who presented sequential infection with EBV and cryptococcal encephalitis after umbilical cord blood transplant. The patient showed fever, vomiting and emotional agitation with EBV DNA detected in CSF on day 100. The child underwent 3 doses of intravenous rituximab with a good response. However, the child presented with right facial paralysis, headache, and fever on day 130 after 2\u00a0weeks of clinical stability. Brain MRI demonstrated chronic granuloma formed with ring enhancement. FilmArray ME PCR confirmed the existence of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans\/gattii<\/jats:italic> in the CSF. The child underwent sequential treatment with amphotericin liposome B and flucytosine. Maintenance treatment with fluconazole was administered for 1\u00a0year. Facial paralysis was on longer present on day 260. <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans\/gattii<\/jats:italic> was not detected on day 310. The biochemistry and cell count of the CSF were completely normal on day 520. Follow\u2010up 2.5\u00a0years after presentation, brain MRI changes showed near complete resolution of the lesions. The child survived for 3\u00a0years to the last following\u2010up. Invasive cryptococcal encephalitis is rare and life\u2010threatening complication of transplantation. It is important to recognize dual infections, and perform treatment quickly to improve the prognosis of encephalitis after transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T10:37:02Z","timestamp":1609151822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sequential infection of Epstein\u2010Barr virus and cryptococcal encephalitis after umbilical cord blood transplantation in a child with X\u2010linked adrenoleukodystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1962-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology Shanghai Children's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 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