{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:43:31Z","timestamp":1753879411580,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neutropenia is common in the first year after pediatric kidney transplant and is associated with an increased risk of infection, allograft loss, and death. Granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) increases neutrophil production, but its use in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients remains largely undescribed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of children with neutropenia within the first 180\u00a0days after kidney transplant. Multivariable linear regression and Poisson regression were used to assess duration of neutropenia and incidence of hospitalization, infection, and rejection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 341 neutropenic patients, 83 received G\u2010CSF during their first episode of neutropenia. Median dose of G\u2010CSF was 5\u00a0mcg\/kg for 3 (IQR 2\u20137) doses. G\u2010CSF use was associated with transplant center, induction immunosuppression, steroid\u2010free maintenance immunosuppression, hospitalization, and decreases in mycophenolate mofetil, valganciclovir, and trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole dosing. Absolute neutrophil count nadir was also significantly lower among those treated with G\u2010CSF. G\u2010CSF use was not associated with a shorter duration of neutropenia (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.313) and was associated with a higher rate of neutropenia relapse (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.002) in adjusted analysis. G\u2010CSF use was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization (aIRR 0.25 (95%CI 0.12\u20130.53) <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.001) but there was no association with incidence of bacterial infection or rejection within 90\u00a0days of neutropenic episode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>G\u2010CSF use for neutropenia in pediatric kidney transplant recipients did not shorten the overall duration of neutropenia but was associated with lower risk of hospitalization. Prospective studies are needed to determine which patients may benefit from G\u2010CSF treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T05:54:56Z","timestamp":1640843696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Outcomes of granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor use in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: A Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0584-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Engen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2020-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia L.","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0076-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiwen","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiren P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3967-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shauna L.","family":"Dowdrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension Penn State Hershey Children\u2019s Hospital  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0539-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isa F.","family":"Ashoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center  New Orleans Louisina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6800-7650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Misurac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stead Family Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avram Z.","family":"Traum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3156-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Semanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9103-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Namarata G.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Columbia University  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5769-7513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asifhusen","family":"Mansuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Augusta University  Augusta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajasree","family":"Sreedharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467\u2010015\u20103113\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20106143.2009.02699.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31821c1e70"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500861"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2000.020104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008030287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9429265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5653497"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.1996.tb00638.x","article-title":"Role of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) in reversing neutropenia in renal allograft recipients","volume":"10","author":"Peddi VR","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13541"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200002270-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"LarsonRUse of granulocyte colony stimulating factors in adult patients with chemotherapy\u2010induced neutropenia and conditions other than acute leukemia myelodysplastic syndrome and hematopoietic cell transplantation \u2010 UpToDate. 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