{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T07:49:25Z","timestamp":1774424965788,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Late airway complications, as consequence of immunosuppression following pediatric liver transplantation are uncommonly reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective case series, we describe two young children presenting with symptoms of airway obstruction, secondary to differing pathologies in the supraglottic airway, as a result of immunosuppression following liver transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case 1, a 2\u2010year\u2010old girl who presented with stridor 12\u2010months following liver transplantation, was found to have a proliferative soft tissue mass involving the supraglottic larynx. Biopsies were consistent with infiltrative eosinophilic laryngitis and associated eosinophilic esophagitis. Case 2, a 12\u2010month\u2010old female who presented with stridor 5\u2010months following liver transplantation, was found to have an exophytic soft tissue mass involving the supraglottis and hypopharynx. Biopsies revealed polymorphic Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) driven post\u2010transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). Case 1 was managed with local resection and high dose oral corticosteroids. Case 2 responded to debulking of the necrotic supraglottic mass, reduction of immunosuppression and rituximab.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high index of suspicion needs to be maintained for complications of immunosuppression for appropriate diagnosis of airway presentations following pediatric liver transplantation. Further research is necessary to improve early detection and consolidate management strategies for these airway lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T04:55:22Z","timestamp":1674622522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Late airway complications following pediatric liver transplantation: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6700-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Rajasekaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Starship Child Health  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"McCaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology Starship Child Health  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Starship Child Health  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Van\u00a0Der\u00a0Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology Starship Child Health  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward C.","family":"Toll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology Starship Child Health  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8860-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Starship Child Health  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14969"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2017.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2020.101681"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12971"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2011.01486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.12.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-013-2002-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003344"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2021.101438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(97)90380-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815577568"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182a80be1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13737"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003509"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318223a384"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.885942"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2012-201139"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15358"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjz111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2011.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8080661"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"The effect of immunosuppression on posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver transplant patients","volume":"70","author":"Younes BS","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2010.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","article-title":"The IPTA Nashville consensus conference on post\u2010Transplantlymphoproliferative disorders after solid organ transplantation in children: II\u2014consensus guidelines for prevention","volume":"11","author":"Green M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1995.01890090073014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199807000-00036"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/petr.14473","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/petr.14473","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/petr.14473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T08:57:41Z","timestamp":1724835461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/petr.14473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/petr.14473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/petr.14473","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1397-3142","1399-3046"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1397-3142","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3046","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14473"}}