{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T15:42:42Z","timestamp":1774712562355,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal (GI) complications in lung transplant recipients can occur any time during the post\u2010operative period, leading to prolonged morbidity and mortality. Despite the negative association between GI complications and patient outcomes, little is known about their incidence and risk factors for their development in pediatric lung transplant recipients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective chart review at one pediatric tertiary center to describe the frequency of GI complications in lung transplant recipients. We identified potential risk factors for the diagnosis of gastroparesis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and aspiration in the post\u2010transplant period. Lastly, we investigated the association of these complications with mortality and graft survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>84.3% of lung transplant recipients experienced at least one GI complication in the post\u2010transplant period. Gastroparesis (52.9%), GERD (41.2%), and oropharyngeal dysphagia\/laryngeal penetration (33.3%) were the most common complications diagnosed. Post\u2010operative opioid exposure was a risk factor for gastroparesis, with the odds increasing 3.0% each day a patient was prescribed opioids (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.021). The risk of death or retransplant in individuals who experienced gastroparesis was 2.7 times higher than those not diagnosed with gastroparesis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.027).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to opioids in the post\u2010operative period is a risk factor for gastroparesis and a prolonged hospitalization placed patients at risk for aspiration. Gastroparesis was associated with increased patient mortality and graft failure, while aspiration and GERD had no effect on long term outcomes. Future prospective studies investigating the relationship between opioid use and the development of a gastroparesis are necessary to improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T06:59:31Z","timestamp":1706338771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gastrointestinal complications in pediatric lung transplant recipients: Incidence, risk factors, and effects on patient outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8485-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Klouda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts 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