{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T16:39:08Z","timestamp":1788021548359,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare epithelial neoplasms that arise most commonly from the gastrointestinal tract. In pediatrics, the most common site of origin is in the appendix, with the liver being the most common site of metastasis. Neuroendocrine tumors arising from the biliary tract are extremely rare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe a case of a nine\u2010year\u2010old girl who presented with obstructive cholestasis and was found to have multiple liver masses identified on biopsy as well\u2010differentiated neuroendocrine tumor with an unknown primary tumor site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient underwent extensive investigation to identify a primary tumor site, including endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and capsule endoscopy. The patient ultimately underwent definitive management with liver transplant, and on explant was discovered to have multiple well\u2010differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, WHO Grade 1, with extensive infiltration into the submucosa of bile duct, consistent with primary biliary tract neuroendocrine tumor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identifying the site of the primary tumor in NETs found within the liver can be challenging. To determine if an extrahepatic primary tumor exists, workup should include endoscopy, EUS, and capsule endoscopy. Children with well\u2010differentiated hepatic NETs, with no identifiable primary tumor, and an unresectable tumor, are considered favorable candidates for liver transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T09:25:30Z","timestamp":1709544330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Liver transplant for primary biliary tract neuroendocrine tumor in a nine\u2010year\u2010old girl"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8343-4132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjali","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Sproule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry McGill University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatianna","family":"Larman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoko","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6486-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Mogul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1511-9322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Lemberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2014.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X19862712"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.01.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/GTU1-Y77M-VR4D-X5A2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2003-127-1200-NTCANC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network.Neuroendocrine and Adrenal Tumors (Version 2.2018). 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