{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T09:40:39Z","timestamp":1762940439976,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n This is the first reported case of empyema due to\n \n Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in a pediatric transplant recipient.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A 16\u2010year\u2010old Indigenous Canadian boy developed acute respiratory distress 29\u2009days post\u2010bilateral lung transplantation for chronic lung disease and pulmonary hypertension secondary to extreme prematurity and an atrial septal defect. Pre\u2010transplant donor bronchial cultures grew\n \n Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and methicillin\u2010sensitive\n \n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , so he received 14\u2009days of cefazolin. Post\u2010transplant prophylaxis included azithromycin, voriconazole, micafungin, TMP\u2010SMX, and valacyclovir. Immunosuppression included anti\u2010thymocyte globulin induction, followed by tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. The patient developed a large right pleural effusion over the course of 24\u2009h requiring intensive care and high\u2010flow supplemental oxygen. Pleural thoracentesis revealed a neutrophil\u2010predominant exudative empyema. Routine cultures were negative;\n \n M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n was detected by PCR and specialized media. The patient completed 28\u2009days of clindamycin and doxycycline and made an uneventful recovery.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n \n M. hominis<\/jats:styled-content>\n and Ureaplasma\n <\/jats:italic>\n species are donor\u2010derived pathogens that can cause significant morbidity, including sternal wound infection, mediastinitis, pericarditis, and empyema. Post\u2010lung transplant\n \n M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n infections occur in 2%\u20135% of cases. Diagnostic challenges, low clinical suspicion, and rising resistance contribute to poor outcomes and inappropriate antibiotic use. Although this patient's ammonia level was normal, hyperammonemia syndrome also remains a rare but serious complication of\n \n Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n infections.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Early screening, PCR testing, and prompt combination empiric therapy are crucial for improving outcomes in\n \n M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n infections.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.70214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T12:06:33Z","timestamp":1761653193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A 16\u2010Year\u2010Old with a\n \n Mycoplasma hominis<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n Empyema Post\u2010Lung Transplantation: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Huynh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8361-5582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3785-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Kabbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Albetra Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9831-5681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajt.12292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2010.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201607\u20101377LE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053\u20102498(00)00492\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pix049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"University of Alabama at Birmingham \u201cTests and Measurements. 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