{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:58:46Z","timestamp":1790413126516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial management in pediatric transplantation lacks standardized international guidelines, and current practices across European transplant centers remain poorly described. This study aimed to evaluate microbiological screening and peri\u2010transplant antimicrobial strategies among centers participating in the European Reference Network on Transplantation in Children (ERN TransplantChild), including both solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between December 2022 and February 2023, healthcare professionals within the network completed a structured survey addressing microbiological screening practices and peri\u2010transplant antimicrobial strategies in pediatric transplant recipients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 127 transplant programs invited, 76 (59.8%) responded, including 62 SOT and 14 HSCT programs from 36 centers across 16 European countries. Pre\u2010transplant screening strategies, microbiological methods, and decolonization practices varied substantially between centers. Reported prevalence of methicillin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase\u2013producing organisms was below 10% in most programs. In SOT, perioperative prophylaxis varied according to transplanted organ type. Cephalosporins were most commonly used in kidney and heart transplantation, whereas broader\u2010spectrum regimens, including piperacillin\u2013tazobactam and vancomycin, were more frequently adopted in liver, intestinal, and lung transplantation. Postoperative prophylaxis was continued beyond 24\u2009h in most SOT programs. Antifungal prophylaxis was more commonly adopted in liver, intestinal, and lung transplant recipients. In HSCT, antibacterial peri\u2010transplant use was not routinely prescribed in a substantial proportion of programs, particularly in autologous transplantation, whereas antifungals were widely used in allogeneic HSCT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Marked heterogeneity in microbiological screening and peri\u2010transplant antimicrobial strategies across European pediatric transplant centers underscores the need for transplant\u2010specific, evidence\u2010based guidelines distinguishing between SOT and HSCT settings. These findings provide a foundation for the development of shared clinical pathways and harmonized recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.70379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T04:46:11Z","timestamp":1782535571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Survey Among Member Centers of the European Reference Network\n                    <scp>TransplantChild<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7105-2105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Don\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women's and Children's Health University of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0821-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Liberati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women's and Children's Health University of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Aidala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Citt\u00e0 Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-281X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zivile","family":"Bekassy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology Skane University Hospital  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bjerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8446-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Bordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Department Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Bueno","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia H. M.","family":"Bouts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-5166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luz Yadira","family":"Bravo\u2010Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research (IdiPAZ), Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U767)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Casotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Child Health Department ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII  Bergamo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery 2U, Liver Transplantation Center Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Citt\u00e0 Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Costa\u2010Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Pediatrics Department, Santa Maria Hospital Lisbon University  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Cucinotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Liver Unit, National Reference Center for Rare Pediatric Liver Diseases, Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital University of Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Debray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Liver Unit, National Reference Center for Rare Pediatric Liver Diseases, Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital University of Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huib","family":"De Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Sophia Children's Hospital  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"De la Cerda\u2010Ojeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Unit Virgen del Rocio University Hospital  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1966-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"De la Serna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Lung Transplant Unit, Pediatric Pulmonology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Fischler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital &amp; CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Garc\u00eda","family":"Guereta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Gonz\u00e1lez","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation Hospital Infantil Universitario Ni\u00f1o Jes\u00fas  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Gran\u2010Ipi\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Heart Transplant Unit, Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Department Hospital Vall Hebron  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryszard","family":"Grenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension The Children's Memorial Health Institute  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Grima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Mater Dei Hospital  Msida Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uta","family":"Herden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Transplantation University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Loreto","family":"Hierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hepatology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Department Hospital Materno\u2010Infantil Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Madrid 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of Pediatrics, the Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Francelina","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery and Burn Service, Pediatric Hospital, ULS Coimbra, EPE, Coimbra Academic Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes Lopez","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Department, Vall D'hebron Research Institute Vall D'hebron Hospital Campus  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Madrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Department Sant Joan de Deu University Hospital  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Mercadal\u2010Hally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona Vall D'hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Marsal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCT Unit, Pediatric Cancer Center Sant Joan de Deu University Hospital  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Marzollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Department of Women's and Children's Health Padua University Hospital  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Mellgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology Queen Silvia Children Hospital\/Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Goeteborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Mendoza\u2010Palomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit and Vall D'hebron Research Institute Vall D'hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Mutschler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Odermarsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Heart Center Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda P\u00e9rez\u2010Hurtado","family":"De Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Service Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licia","family":"Peruzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Unit Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Citta Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4426-0395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andra","family":"Pietrobattista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospitals, IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5077-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Pinon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Citt\u00e0 Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9551-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Prytula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther Boluda","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Intestinal Rehabilitation Unit La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Ranucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics IRCCS ISMETT\u2010UPMC Italy  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Rascon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pediatric Oncology and Haematology Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos  Vilnius Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Saglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Onco\u2010Hematology Division Regina Margherita Children's Hospital  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Sandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Pediatrics Department, Santa Maria Hospital Lisbon University  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Sciveres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospitals, IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolaus","family":"Schwerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2703-8423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalid","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren Schwartz","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Stephenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clodagh","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology Children's Health Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Texeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Department Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santo Ant\u00f3nio  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Tepel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Turkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Vainumae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Tartu University Hospital  Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Science, Pediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Center and Mowatlabs King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4753-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"W\u00e5hlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Heart Center The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgren's University Hospital, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Warrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Health Mater Dei Hospital  Msida Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3313-3374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Wennberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplantation Surgery Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Westphal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Queen Silvia Children Hospital Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte W. 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