{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T17:42:42Z","timestamp":1777138962323,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014082","name":"Rhode Island Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Rhode Island Presidents Partnership on Food, Hunger and Nutrition"},{"name":"Rhode Island Area Health Education Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the nutritional status, incidence of food insecurity, and health risk among the homeless population in Rhode Island.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>This correlational study utilized a convenience sample of 319 homeless adults from Rhode Island's largest service agency for the homeless. Information on use of services such as access to emergency foods, shelters, and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNAP<\/jats:styled-content>) was requested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Food security was measured by the six\u2010item subset of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USDA<\/jats:styled-content> Food Security Core Module. Anthropometric measures included height, weight, and waist circumference. A 24\u2010hr dietary recall was collected to determine the food intake for a subset of participants who agreed to supply this information (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0197).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Average dietary recall data indicated insufficient intake of vegetables, fruit, dairy, and meats\/beans. It also indicated excessive intake of fats. Of the 313 participants, 29.4% were overweight and 39% were obese. Over 94% of the participants were food insecure, with 64% of this subset experiencing hunger. Fifty\u2010five percent of the participants were currently receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNAP<\/jats:styled-content> benefits. The majority of the sample was found to be food insecure with hunger.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T08:51:44Z","timestamp":1424076704000},"page":"453-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Assessment of Food Intake, Obesity, and Health Risk among the Homeless in Rhode Island"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Diane C.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen S.","family":"Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinstein Center for a Hunger Free America University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island"},{"name":"Frontier Nursing University Hyden Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sekboppa","family":"Sor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonah C.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Resident Maine Medical Center Portland Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Vecchiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Resident Yale New Haven Hospital New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008486-200510000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2003.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Guide to measuring household food security","author":"Bickel G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1031167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Household food security in the United States in 2010 (ERR\u2010125)","author":"Coleman\u2010Jensen A.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.2.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J477v01n01_07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"HealthyPeople.gov(2014).About healthy people. 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(2012).Guidelines on overweight and obesity: National Institutes for Health. 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(2005).Sample of USDA food guide and the DASH eating plan at the 2 000\u2010calorie level. Dietary guidelines for Americans 2005. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.heatlh.gov\/dietaryguidelines\/dga2005\/document\/default.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture. (2013).Food Guide Pyramid. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.cnpp.usda.gov\/fgp.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture. (2014).Supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP). Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","unstructured":"Zimmerman R.(2012).Study suggests one\u2010third of homeless in U.S. are obese. 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