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Conditions identified were categorized as historically recognized risks or more recently recognized immunocompromised states that may pose risk. Major historical risk factors were as follows: eczema\/atopic dermatitis, pregnancy, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>, and primary immunodeficiency. More recently identified states were as follows: rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, dialysis, bone marrow transplant recipients within 24\u00a0months post\u2010transplant, solid\u2010organ transplant recipients within 3\u00a0months post\u2010transplant, age under 1\u00a0year, and systemic lupus erythematosus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The estimated prevalence or absolute number of affected individuals for each condition was ascertained from peer\u2010reviewed studies, vital statistics, and registry databases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An estimated 48,121,280 to 50,028,045 individuals (15.2\u201315.8% of the U.S. population) are potentially contraindicated to replicating smallpox vaccine. This rises to 119,244,531 to 123,669,327 (37.4\u201338.8%) if household contacts are included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These figures are significant and larger than the only previously published study. Understanding this number allows for improved clinical utilization, equitable attention to the health needs of a vulnerable population, and strategic vaccine stockpiling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T03:28:19Z","timestamp":1476415699000},"page":"200-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Estimating the Size of the U.S. Population at Risk of Severe Adverse Events from Replicating Smallpox Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ellen P.","family":"Carlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carlin Communications LLC New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nichole","family":"Giller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HJF Enteric Diseases Department Naval Medical Research Center Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Georgetown University Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"ACAM2000 Highlights of Prescribing Information 2009 Sanofi Pasteur Lyon France"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281334d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2014.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.1.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875\u2010007\u20109103\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.21.2734"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vaccinia (smallpox) vaccine: Recommendations of the\u00a0Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2001","volume":"50","author":"CDC","year":"2001","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"478","article-title":"Household transmission of vaccinia virus from contact with a military smallpox vaccinee\u2013Illinois and Indiana, 2007","volume":"56","author":"CDC","year":"2007","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"CDC. 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