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During 2014, 221 mothers and 248 children living in City A within the Tokyo metropolis were registered as requiring help with childrearing. Nursing records of 205 mothers (92.8%) and their 227 children (91.5%) were available. We excluded 29 mothers and children owing to incomplete data for a final sample of 176 mothers (79.6%) and 198 children (79.8%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Difficulties with childrearing were assessed by self\u2010reported questionnaires at the newborn child's 4\u2010month health checkups. Data on maternal and child variables were collected from nursing records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The \u201cDifficulties group\u201d included 59 mothers (35.4%) and their 70 children. Logistic regression analysis showed that mothers who were aged 40\u00a0years or older, who had a total score on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale of 9 or greater, who used more child\u2010care support services, and who were monitored more frequently by public health nurses had a high risk of facing difficulties with childrearing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodic monitoring by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHN<\/jats:styled-content>s is a key strategy to improve the impact of the difficulties of childrearing for mothers of <jats:italic>yoshien jido<\/jats:italic> and their children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T10:26:47Z","timestamp":1492424807000},"page":"422-429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characteristics and related factors of Japanese mothers who have faced difficulties with childrearing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0344-0143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoko","family":"Yoshioka\u2010Maeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Nursing School of Nursing Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Nursing School of Nursing Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2004.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2006.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1446.2007.00614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2015.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003083221004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2007.01600.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2010.02063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.12168"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/425460"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11114\/ijsss.v1i2.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech\u20102011\u2010200793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2011.01272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.35.8\/9.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jjns.12069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"Japan Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. 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