{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T03:27:26Z","timestamp":1771385246177,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007162","name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014A020212113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014A020212113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002402","name":"Sun Yat-sen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["53000\u201031610004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["53000\u201031610004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study determined the feasibility and initial efficacy of a kindergarten\u2010based, family\u2010involved intervention in improving children's hand hygiene (HH) behaviors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cluster\u2010randomized controlled trial was performed, with a cluster defined as a kindergarten class.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were recruited from 20 classes in six kindergartens. A total of 289 children and their families were enrolled in the intervention group, and 293 children and their families were enrolled in the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>HH behavior and a related knowledge survey, as well as data on absences due to infection, were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>An 8\u2010week training session on HH for children and an education program combining a seminar and WeChat groups for parents were provided to participants in the intervention group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two HH behaviors of children, namely, HH after playing outside and 7\u2010stage HH compliance, were significantly different between the two groups after the intervention. The two HH behaviors and knowledge of infections of parents\/legal guardians in the intervention group were better than those in the control group after the intervention. The number of absences due to infections in children was lower in the intervention group than in the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kindergarten\u2010based, family\u2010involved interventions effectively improved the HH behavior of kindergarten children and decreased absences due to infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T06:47:44Z","timestamp":1615186064000},"page":"738-750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A kindergarten\u2010based, family\u2010involved intervention to improve children\u2019s hand hygiene behavior: A cluster\u2010randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-0343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lifeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuqun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jixiao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongshen","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ningning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal and Pelvic Oncology Department The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jielin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiyin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Management Department Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14111396"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Best practices to prevent transmission and control outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease in childcare facilities: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Chan J. 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