{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T19:23:21Z","timestamp":1750015401440,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have been especially impacted by the COVID\u201019 pandemic, likely due to increased vulnerabilities stemming from chronic diseases, substance use, and mental health conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study to assess the presence of antibodies against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 among PEH and associations with key variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>A convenience sample of 97 PEH in Skid Row, Los Angeles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>A structured questionnaire assessing socio\u2010demographic, mental health, drug and alcohol use, health care access, pandemic stress, and other COVID\u201019\u2010specific questions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found high anti\u2010receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG titers among five of 15 PEH who reported no prior COVID\u201019 diagnosis or being vaccinated, suggesting undiagnosed and\/or asymptomatic COVID\u201019. While anti\u2010RBD IgG titers across vaccination categories were not statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.069), participants vaccinated with Janssen had the lowest mean anti\u2010RBD IgG titers. In multivariable analysis, we found negative associations between level of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody titers with the Janssen vaccine and depression; thus, a need for integrated care for PEH with depression and COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Further research is warranted to confirm the immune response, initial and over time, to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and to COVID\u201019 vaccinations, particularly among PEH whose immune systems may be impacted by multiple health conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.13170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T16:37:52Z","timestamp":1673541472000},"page":"417-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Correlates of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 anti\u2010RBD IgG antibody titers among persons experiencing homelessness in Los Angeles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Adeline","family":"Nyamathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sue &amp; Bill Gross School of Nursing University of California  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanghyuk S.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sue &amp; Bill Gross School of Nursing University of California  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8107-724X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brianna M.","family":"Doratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics College of Medicine University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandria","family":"Jones\u2010Patten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sue &amp; Bill Gross School of Nursing University of California  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benissa","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of California  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Gelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine University of California  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darlene","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute University of California Irvine  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Garfin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sue &amp; 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