{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T22:16:19Z","timestamp":1785708979728,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Socioeconomically deprived populations are at greater risk for smoking\u2010induced diseases and death, such as cancers, and cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. The initiation of a nurse\u2010led smoking cessation program in clinical practice is an effective method to enhance smoking cessation among cardiovascular and respiratory patients in Pakistan. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse\u2010led smoking reduction intervention performed at out\u2010patient clinics in Karachi, Pakistan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single group pre\u2010and post\u2010test study was conducted on eligible patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a083) with a typical profile of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in a tertiary care hospital from December 2020 to July 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>The multi\u2010modal nurse\u2010led intervention consisted of two face\u2010to\u2010face motivational counseling (30\u2010min) and free nicotine replacement therapy with telephonic counseling and follow\u2010ups offered to all eligible patients for 2 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nurse\u2010led intervention resulted in a significant decrease in daily cigarette consumption in most of the patients (75.9%) by 50% and 16.9% of the patients reported smoking abstinence (quitter) at 1\u2010week follow\u2010up (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), verified by a CO breath test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nurse\u2010managed smoking reduction intervention for even a short duration (2 months) in clinics is an effective approach in enhancing smoking abstinence and reduction among cardiovascular and respiratory patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.13196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T09:04:38Z","timestamp":1682759078000},"page":"572-578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nurse\u2010led culturally relevant smoking reduction intervention among cardiovascular and respiratory patients in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Naheed Feroz","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubina","family":"Barolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khairulnissa","family":"Ajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faris","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenifer","family":"Anastasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Charles Darwin University  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19367244211036994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1727-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2003.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7909212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104\u2010015\u20101455\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(13)60646\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515119889197"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"875","article-title":"Tobacco control laws in Pakistan and their implementation: A pilot study in Karachi","volume":"66","author":"Khan J. 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