{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:45:16Z","timestamp":1792064716792,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early childhood home visitation (ECHV) in the United States is a voluntary service providing health and social support to low\u2010income families who are experiencing, or at risk for experiencing, adversities such as adolescent pregnancy, poverty, and child maltreatment. The federal Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Program funds the delivery of evidence\u2010based early childhood home visits, but these services are chronically under\u2010utilized despite a substantial capacity for enrollment. Of particular concern are the families likely to encounter adversity but are unable to access services due to rigid criteria for participation. Using the theory of backward mapping developed by Richard Elmore, this paper analyzes the implementation of the MIECHV Program policy to identify possible factors responsible for the under\u2010utilization of funded services. We explore issues related to the referral process, enrollment criteria, and attrition challenges for evidence\u2010based ECHV models with recommendations for a centralized intake system, qualitative inquiry, and universal postpartum home visits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.13497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T05:58:27Z","timestamp":1733291907000},"page":"833-840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Expanding Early Childhood Home Visitation Services in the United States to Reach More Vulnerable Families: A Backward Mapping Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Julianne","family":"Ballard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sonoma County Department of Health Services Community &amp; Family Health  Santa Rosa California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6066-1853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol","family":"Dawson\u2010Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013\u20101021C"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013\u20101021G"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Moving Life Course Theory Into Action: Making Change Happen (117\u2010141)","author":"Brady C.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918764383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.979064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FCH.0000000000000343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121\u2010019\u201001045\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105339"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2022.100356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017\u20102150"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"250","article-title":"Hawaii's Healthy Start Program of Home Visiting for At\u2010Risk Families: Evaluation of Family Identification, family Engagement, and Service Delivery","volume":"105","author":"Duggan A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association. Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2149628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Federal Register. (2021. September). \u201cStatutory Requirements and Process Standardization: Maternal Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Program Model Eligibility Review.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2021\/09\/27\/2021\u201020853\/statutory\u2010requirements\u2010and\u2010process\u2010standardization\u2010maternal\u2010infant\u2010and\u2010early\u2010childhood\u2010home\u2010visiting."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2015.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579419000889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541\u20100072.1997.tb00019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995\u2010019\u201002794\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"Health Resources & Services Administration. (2024). \u201cMIECHV Data & Continuous Quality Improvement.\u201d HRSA Maternal & Child Health.https:\/\/mchb.hrsa.gov\/programs\u2010impact\/programs\/home\u2010visiting\/miechv\u2010data\u2010continuous\u2010quality\u2010improvement."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Health Resources & Services Administration. (2023. May). \u201cThe Maternal Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program.\u201dhttps:\/\/mchb.hrsa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/mchb\/about\u2010us\/program\u2010brief.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0952076717709338"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995\u2010022\u201003566\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018\u20103876"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","unstructured":"Kleinman R. C.Ayoub P.Del Grosso et al.2023. January). \u201cUnderstanding Family Engagement in Home Visiting: Literature Synthesis.\u201d OPRE Report# 2023\u2010004. Washington D.C.: Office of Planning Research and Evaluation Administration for Children and Families US Department of Health and Human Services.https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/opre\/hv_reach_literature_synthesis_dec2022.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","unstructured":"Landers P. A.(2023. August). \u201cMaternal Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program.\u201d Congressional Research Service.https:\/\/crsreports.congress.gov\/product\/pdf\/IF\/IF10595."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.5.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","unstructured":"Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation.2024. \u201cCentralized Intake: Innovation in the Field.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.mdrc.org\/centralized\u2010intake\u2010innovation\u2010fieldhttps:\/\/www.mdrc.org\/centralized\u2010intake\u2010innovation\u2010fieldhttps:\/\/www.mdrc.org\/centralized\u2010intake\u2010innovation\u2010field."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","unstructured":"Mazziotti D.2023. \u201cGovernment Funding Deal Brings Wins for Children Families.\u201dAmerican Academy of Pediatrics: Newshttps:\/\/publications.aap.org\/aapnews\/news\/23115\/Government\u2010funding\u2010deal\u2010brings\u2010wins\u2010for\u2010children."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720953673"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21710"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","volume-title":"US Department of Health and Human Services","author":"Michalopoulos C.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.306850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","unstructured":"National Home Visiting Resource Center.2024. \u201cWho is Being Served?\u201dhttps:\/\/nhvrc.org\/yearbook\/2024\u2010yearbook\/who\u2010is\u2010being\u2010served\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013\u20101021I"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-7229(03)80046-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","unstructured":"Oregon Health Authority. (2022). \u201cFamily Connects Oregon.\u201d Retrieved December 1 2024 fromhttps:\/\/www.familyconnectsoregon.org\/https:\/\/www.oregon.gov\/oha\/PH\/HEALTHYPEOPLEFAMILIES\/BABIES\/HOMEVISITING\/Pages\/Family\u2010Connects\u2010Oregon.aspxhttps:\/\/www.oregon.gov\/oha\/PH\/HEALTHYPEOPLEFAMILIES\/BABIES\/HOMEVISITING\/Pages\/Family\u2010Connects\u2010Oregon.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3912\/OJIN.Vol26No02M"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102393\u201014\u2010151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121\u2010022\u201001338\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525\u20101446.2007.00630.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"How Home Visiting Can Support Postpartum Care","volume":"1","author":"Rudick S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Home Visiting Impacts & Insights Brief Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","unstructured":"Sama\u2010Miller E. L.Akers A.Mraz\u2010Esposito R.Coughlin andM.Zukiewicz.2019. \u201cHome Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness Review: Executive Summary.\u201d OPRE Report #2019\u201093. Washington D.C.: Mathematica Policy Research. Retrieved October 14 2023 Fromhttps:\/\/econpapers.repec.org\/paper\/mprmprres\/ab92c1547bc142a6815d64f332358eb3.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995\u2010017\u20102374\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","unstructured":"Skaggs J.(2022. November 30). \u201cOne Pager: The Jackie Walorski Maternal and Child Home Visiting Reauthorization Act of 2022.\u201dHouse Committee on Ways and Means.https:\/\/waysandmeans.house.gov\/2022\/11\/30\/one\u2010pager\u2010the\u2010jackie\u2010walorski\u2010maternal\u2010and\u2010child\u2010home\u2010visiting\u2010reauthorization\u2010act\u2010of\u20102022\/https:\/\/gop\u2010waysandmeans.house.gov\/one\u2010pager\u2010the\u2010jackie\u2010walorski\u2010maternal\u2010and\u2010child\u2010home\u2010visiting\u2010reauthorization\u2010act\u2010of\u20102022\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2155\u20108256(21)00027\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995\u2010017\u20102385\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108624.2004.00750.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","unstructured":"Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness. (n.d.). \u201cModels Eligible for Maternal Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Funding.\u201d Retrieved August 23 2024 Fromhttps:\/\/homvee.acf.hhs.gov\/HRSA\u2010Models\u2010Eligible\u2010MIECHV\u2010Grantees."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","unstructured":"U.S. Government Publishing Office. (2022. November 15). \u201cHouse Report 117\u2013559\u2014Jackie Walorski Maternal and Child Home Visiting Reauthorization Act of 2022.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CRPT\u2010117hrpt559\/html\/CRPT\u2010117hrpt559\u2010pt1.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","unstructured":"United States Code. (n.d.). \u201cTitle42 \u2010 The Public Health and Welfare Chapter 7 subchapter V USC 711: Maternal Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting Programs.\u201d Retrieved December 1 2024 Fromhttps:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC\u2010prelim\u2010title42\u2010section711&num=0&edition=prelimhttps:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml;jsessionid=20699A4A3AF8414D1EBAAB70AA6F92BC?req=49&f=treesort&fq=true&num=2942&hl=true&edition=prelim&granuleId=USC\u2010prelim\u2010title42\u2010section711."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)31301-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102022\u2010010992"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001861"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841x21992196"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/phn.13497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T14:32:15Z","timestamp":1748010735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/phn.13497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/phn.13497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phn.13497","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0737-1209","1525-1446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0737-1209","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1446","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}