{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:12:04Z","timestamp":1783041124853,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaccination is a vital strategy to prevent infectious diseases and reduce mortality globally. However, vaccine hesitancy threatens these efforts, especially highlighted during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Understanding factors influencing vaccination decisions is crucial for improving public health strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the attitudes of the Italian general population toward mandatory (e.g., HBV or tetanus) or recommended (e.g., influenza, HPV, or meningococcus) vaccinations, factors influencing vaccine uptake, and risk perceptions related to COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional descriptive study using the <jats:italic>PROACTIVE Survey<\/jats:italic> questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 411 participants aged 18\u201398\u00a0years from the general Italian population, recruited via convenience and snowball sampling in June 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data included sociodemographic characteristics, adherence to vaccinations, COVID\u201019 experiences, preventive behaviors, and individual risk perceptions. Inferential statistics included Pearson's <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> correlation, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to explore correlations and differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adherence to preventive measures positively correlated with risk perceptions (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.358, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001). Females, older individuals, and those with chronic conditions showed higher adherence to preventive behaviors. Previous adherence to vaccines correlated with greater COVID\u201019 preventive behaviors (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.124, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.012).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age, gender, risk perceptions, and chronic conditions significantly influenced vaccination attitudes and preventive measures. These findings underscore the need for tailored public health strategies, especially in post\u2010pandemic contexts, to address vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination campaigns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.13561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T10:59:02Z","timestamp":1743850742000},"page":"1485-1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Attitudes of the Population Toward Vaccines During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic: The PROACTIVE Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8553-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Calzolari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2870-7935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariarosaria","family":"Gammone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1214-7811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Cattani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University  Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3785-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Ottonello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Ingram School of Nursing McGill University  Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1306-3364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Aleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Research Fellow Faculty of Nursing &amp; Midwifery Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5886-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loredana","family":"Sasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1081-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milko","family":"Zanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0862-071X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Catania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9079-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamaria","family":"Bagnasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721001434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Seasonal Influenza Vaccination and Antiviral Use in EU\/EEA Member States\u2014Overview of Vaccine Recommendations for 2017\u20132018 and Vaccination Coverage Rates for 2015\u20132016 and 2016\u20132017 Influenza Seasons","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"European Commission.2018.Proposal for a Council Recommendation on Strengthened Cooperation Against Vaccine Preventable Diseases (COM(2018) 244 final).Brussels. 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