{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:36:04Z","timestamp":1783020964014,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public Health Nurses perform many of the fundamental services of tuberculosis control practices, and they ensure patients receive proper treatment, monitor their health, and work to prevent the spread of the disease through community outreach and screening. The cost of managing tuberculosis (TB) cases by Public Health Nurses (PHNs) is not well documented but is essential for performance management, quality improvement, program decision\u2010making, and resource allocation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We quantified the direct cost of TB nurse case management and diagnostic workup for individuals with TB using data from the Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System (WEDSS) and expense reports from local health care organizations. Costs included diagnostic and clinical expenses for each TB category.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2012 to 2022, the average cost to diagnose and case manage latent TB infection (LTBI) was $1,956\u2013$2,867. For pulmonary TB, costs were $12,548\u2013$13,117; extrapulmonary TB ranged from $9,072\u2013$9,641; and presumed TB averaged $1,721.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis outlines the financial and staffing resources required for TB diagnosis and case management. Costs associated with LTBI are considerably lower than active TB, underscoring the value of prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T02:50:11Z","timestamp":1773111011000},"page":"983-989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cost of Tuberculosis Care and Management\u2014A Public Health Department Perspective, Dane County, Wisconsin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7342-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Louther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health Division Public Health Madison &amp; Dane County  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.22.0654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"CDC.2024.Tuberculosis Drug Supply Interruptions and Shortages 2023.Atlanta GA:US Department of Health and Human Services CDC.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tb\/php\/dear\u2010colleague\u2010letters\/2023\u2010tb\u2010drug\u2010shortages.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"CDC.2024.Tuberculosis\u2010Data and Statistics 2024.Atlanta GA:US Department of Health and Human Services CDC.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tb\/statistics\/default.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Public Health Madison & Dane County.2024.About\u2010Who We Are.Madison WI.https:\/\/publichealthmdc.com\/about."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.2024.Personal Consumption Expenditures: Services: Health Care (chain\u2010type price index) [DHLCRG3Q086SBEA]. Retrieved From FRED Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. June 8 2024.https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/DHLCRG3Q086SBEA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau.2023.Quick Facts Dane County Wisconsin.Washington DC:US Department of Commerce.https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/danecountywisconsin\/POP010220."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2910.230314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Wisconsin Department of Health Services.2023.Tuberculosis in Wisconsin.Madison WI.https:\/\/www.dhs.wisconsin.gov\/library\/collection\/p\u201002194a."}],"container-title":["Public Health Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/phn.70114","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/phn.70114","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/phn.70114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:26:18Z","timestamp":1783016778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/phn.70114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/phn.70114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phn.70114","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0737-1209","1525-1446"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0737-1209","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1446","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}