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Methylene blue (MB) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ose <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>engal were immobilized in polystyrene by mixing solutions of the photosensitizers in chloroform with a polymer solution, followed by air evaporation of the solvent. This procedure yielded 15\u2013140\u00a0\u03bcm polymer films with a porous surface structure. The method chosen for immobilization ensured 99% enclosure of the photosensitizer in the polymer. The antimicrobial activity of the immobilized photosensitizers was tested against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ram\u2010positive and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ram\u2010negative bacteria. It was found that both immobilized photosensitizers exhibited high antimicrobial properties, and caused by a 1.5\u20133\u00a0log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> reduction in the bacterial concentrations to their total eradication. The bactericidal effect of the immobilized photosensitizers depended on the cell concentration and on the illumination conditions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to prove that immobilized photosensitizers excited by white light caused irreversible damage to microbial cells. Photosensitizers immobilized on a solid phase can be applied for continuous disinfection of wastewater bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]],"date-time":"2012-11-20T05:36:15Z","timestamp":1353389775000},"page":"671-678","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Eradication of Gram\u2010Positive and Gram\u2010Negative Bacteria by Photosensitizers Immobilized in Polystyrene"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Faina","family":"Nakonechny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials Ariel University Center of Samaria Ariel Israel"},{"name":"The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar\u2010Ilan University Ramat\u2010Gan Israel"},{"name":"Samaria and Jordan Rift Valley Regional R&amp;D Center Ariel 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