{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T02:42:52Z","timestamp":1761619372873},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We previously reported that photodynamic therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content>) using intra\u2010articular methylene blue (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MB<\/jats:styled-content>) could be used to treat arthritis in mice caused by bioluminescent methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRSA<\/jats:styled-content>) either in a therapeutic or in a preventative mode. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> accumulated neutrophils into the mouse knee <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> activation of chemoattractants such as inflammatory cytokines or chemokines. In this study, we asked whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> combined with antibiotics used for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRSA<\/jats:styled-content> could provide added benefit in controlling the infection. We compared <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> alone, systemic administration of either linezolid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LZD<\/jats:styled-content>) alone or vancomycin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCM<\/jats:styled-content>) alone or the combination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> with either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LZD<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCM<\/jats:styled-content>. Real\u2010time noninvasive imaging was used to serially follow the progress of the infection. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> alone was the most effective, whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LZD<\/jats:styled-content> alone was ineffective and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCM<\/jats:styled-content> alone showed some benefit. Surprisingly the addition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LZD<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCM<\/jats:styled-content> reduced the therapeutic effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> alone (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). Considering that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> in this mouse model stimulates neutrophils to be antibacterial rather than actively killing the bacteria, we propose that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LZD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCM<\/jats:styled-content> might inhibit the activation of inflammatory cytokines without eradicating the bacteria, and thereby reduce the therapeutic effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T18:55:32Z","timestamp":1357930532000},"page":"679-682","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Linezolid and Vancomycin Decrease the Therapeutic Effect of Methylene Blue\u2010Photodynamic therapy in a Mouse Model of <scp>MRSA<\/scp> Bacterial Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Masamitsu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Saitama 359\u20108513 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Integrated Physiology and Bio\u2010Nano Medicine National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Saitama 359\u20108513 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Mroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianhong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Physiology and Bio\u2010Nano Medicine National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Saitama 359\u20108513 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Saitama 359\u20108513 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Saitama 359\u20108513 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Hamblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115"},{"name":"Harvard\u2010MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA 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