{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T17:05:14Z","timestamp":1765731914995},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to examine the association between ethnicity, phenotype, sun behavior and other characteristics, and constitutive and relative facultative skin pigmentation. A total of 191 participants were recruited, with a mean age of 7.6\u00a0years (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> 3.4), during 2009\u20132011 from Maternal and Child Health Centres (MCHC) and schools in Melbourne, Australia. Parental questionnaire data were obtained on sun behavior and examination consisted of noting the child's natural skin, hair and eye color, ethnicity, nevi count and spectrophotometric melanin density (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>). Constitutive skin pigmentation was estimated from buttock <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>. Relative facultative skin pigmentation was estimated by hand compared with buttock absorption. Ethnicity, hair color and skin color were associated with constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation on univariate analysis. Higher ambient ultraviolet radiation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content>) in the past month, greater freckling, greater nevi and increased sun exposure over the past year were related to darker facultative skin pigmentation. Sun exposure over the life course was not. The two skin charts accounted for 39.7% and 21.4% of buttock <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively. Relative facultative skin pigmentation is associated with recent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content> levels, not life\u2010course sun exposure. Relative facultative skin pigmentation may not be a useful measure of sun exposure over the early life course. Skin color charts can be used to assess constitutive skin pigmentation if spectrophotometry is not available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,12]],"date-time":"2013-01-12T09:36:36Z","timestamp":1357983396000},"page":"714-723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Constitutive and Relative Facultative Skin Pigmentation among Victorian Children Including Comparison of Two Visual Skin Charts for Determining Constitutive Melanin Density"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Pezic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Louise","family":"Ponsonby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fergus J","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Rodda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"},{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Monash Children's 246 Clayton Road Clayton VIC 3168"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University 246 Clayton Road Clayton VIC 3168"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justine A","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Siero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn M","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terence","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Rd Parkville VIC 3052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02490.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.86.3.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"The use of spectrophotometry to estimate melanin density in Caucasians","volume":"7","author":"Dwyer T.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. 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