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The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content> protection was measured using a combination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> sensitive polysulfone film to derive an average value during the middle of the day (1\u20132\u00a0P.M.) and handheld <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> meters to derive the time variability in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> protection between 11\u00a0A.M. and 3\u00a0P.M. The amount of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content> protection provided by the shade structures depended upon a number of factors such as location, size, and materials used, but generally ranged from a protection factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>) of 2 to ~\u00a016. The higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>s were generally for larger structures or where the shade had other structures nearby. The handheld <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> meter measurements showed the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> protection varied with position under the shade structure as well as with time of day. While provision of shade structures is becoming more widespread around Australia, improving the shade availability at the pool centers overall, the application of recommendations regarding the provision of shade has been followed to a varying degree by many of the pools visited in this study. In many cases, continued further improvements can be made to provide more adequate protection and further reduce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> exposures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T11:13:21Z","timestamp":1365506001000},"page":"968-973","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Shade Provision for Toddlers at Swimming Pools in Melbourne"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Gies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency Yallambie Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Makin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer Cancer Council Victoria Carlton Vic. 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