{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:22:11Z","timestamp":1781929331469,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies suggest that aliphatic \u03b2\u2010nitro alcohols may represent a useful class of compounds for use as <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> therapeutic corneoscleral cross\u2010linking agents with higher order nitroalcohols (HONAs) showing enhanced efficacy over the mono\u2010nitroalcohols. The current study was undertaken in order to evaluate the chemical stability of these compounds during storage conditions. Two mono\u2010nitroalcohols (2\u2010nitroethanol=2ne and 2\u2010nitro\u20101\u2010propanol=2nprop) and two HONAs, a nitrodiol (2\u2010methyl\u20102\u2010nitro\u20101,3\u2010propanediol=MNPD), and a nitrotriol (2\u2010hydroxymethyl\u20102\u2010nitro\u20101,3\u2010propanediol=HNPD) were monitored for chemical stability by <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010NMR for up to 7\u00a0months. Each compound was studied at two concentrations (1% and 10%) either in unbuffered H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O or 0.2\u00a0<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> NaH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\/Na<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>HPO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>=5), and at 0\u00b0C and room temperature (RT) for a total of eight conditions for each compound. The <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010NMR spectra for the starting material were compared to subsequent spectra. Under all four of the conditions studied, both the nitrodiol (MNPD) and nitrotriol (HNPD) were stable for the duration of 7\u00a0months. 2nprop became unstable under all conditions at 3\u00a0months. 2ne was the most unstable of all the compounds tested. HONAs exhibit excellent chemical stability under long\u2010term storage conditions. In contrast, the nitromonols tested are significantly less stable. These findings are relevant to the translation of this technology into clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]],"date-time":"2013-09-02T15:40:34Z","timestamp":1378136434000},"page":"338-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Aliphatic \u03b2\u2010Nitroalcohols for Therapeutic Corneoscleral Cross\u2010Linking: Chemical Stability Studies Using <sup>1<\/sup>H\u2010<scp>NMR<\/scp> Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MiJung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Trokel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Turro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0410"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icu.0000233954.86723.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180334f78"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000074071"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408449009029329"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Glutaraldehyde fixation revisited","volume":"11","author":"Nimni M. 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