{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:09:29Z","timestamp":1791349769842,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complexing of ligands to photosensitizers (Ps) has gained popularity by enhancing solubility, cell\u2010surface recognition and tissue specificity for applications in Photodynamic Therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content>) and fluorescence\u2010based diagnostics. Here we report on nine carbohydrate\u2010functionalized porphyrazine (Pz\u2010galactopyranose\/methyl\u2010ribose) derivatives bearing either H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, Zn(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) or Ni(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) cores for potential use in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content>. Derivatives proved soluble only in organic solvents; dichloromethane (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCM<\/jats:styled-content>) and tetrahydrofuran (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THF<\/jats:styled-content>). Derivatives were subsequently solubilized using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSPE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>5000<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content> encapsulation for biological studies due to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THF<\/jats:styled-content> cytotoxicity. Absorption spectra analyses viewed no correlation between core ion, carbohydrate type and peripheral position though encapsulation efficiency (%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content>) followed a general order of Zn(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) (60\u201392%)\u00a0&gt;\u00a0H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (5\u201334%)\u00a0&gt;\u00a0Ni(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) (4\u201321%). As such, phototoxicity of Zn(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>)Pz derivatives were far superior to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Pz and Ni(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>)Pz counterparts following 631.4\u00a0nm excitation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107 breast cancer cells. Variation was attributed to persistent aggregation and low %<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content> when regarding the absorption properties recorded. It is therefore believed that revision of the encapsulation method for H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Pz and Ni(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>)Pz derivatives would render improved phototoxicity. Zn(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>)Pz derivatives show promise as agents for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> of cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,26]],"date-time":"2013-12-26T13:30:42Z","timestamp":1388064642000},"page":"648-658","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Novel Porphyrazine Derivatives show Promise for Photodynamic Therapy despite Restrictions in Hydrophilicity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Tamarisk K.","family":"Horne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Auckland Park 2006 South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne J.","family":"Cronj\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Auckland Park 2006 South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-1000(05)00007-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/276109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2003.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"The Porphyrin Handbook: Phthalocyanines, Properties and Materials","author":"Kadish K. 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