{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:54:17Z","timestamp":1792547657292,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cyamemazine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMZ<\/jats:styled-content>) is a neuroleptic drug that mediates cutaneous phototoxicity in humans. Here, the photobehavior of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMZ<\/jats:styled-content> has been examined within <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010acid glycoproteins, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010cyclodextrins and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content> micelles. In all these microenvironments, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMZ<\/jats:styled-content> emission was enhanced and blue\u2010shifted, and its lifetime was longer. Irradiation of the entrapped drug at 355\u00a0nm, under air; led to the <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010dioxide. Within glycoproteins or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content> micelles the reaction was clearly slower than in phosphate buffered solution (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content>); protection by cyclodextrins was less marked. Transient absorption spectroscopy in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content> revealed formation of the triplet state (<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMZ<\/jats:styled-content>*) and the radical cation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMZ<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+\u2022<\/jats:sup>). Upon addition of glycoprotein, the contribution of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMZ<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+\u2022<\/jats:sup> became negligible, whereas <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMZ<\/jats:styled-content>* dominated the spectra; in addition, the triplet lifetime became considerably longer. In cyclodextrins, this occurred to a lower extent. In all microheterogeneous systems, quenching by oxygen was slower than in solution; this was most remarkable inside glycoproteins. The highest protection from photooxidation was achieved inside <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content> micelles. The results are consistent with photooxidation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMZ<\/jats:styled-content> through photoionization and subsequent trapping of the resulting radical cation by oxygen. This reaction is extremely sensitive to the medium and constitutes an appropriate probe for localization of the drug within a variety of biological compartments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,21]],"date-time":"2014-06-21T04:05:58Z","timestamp":1403323558000},"page":"1012-1016","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Retarded Photooxidation of Cyamemazine in Biomimetic Microenvironments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Limones\u2010Herrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica\u2010Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica UPV\u2010CSIC Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica\u2010Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica UPV\u2010CSIC Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Consuelo","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica\u2010Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica UPV\u2010CSIC Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica\u2010Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica UPV\u2010CSIC Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.5.1899"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(12)70726-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm970266p"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7081_2008_125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827613475575"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft260"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"Albini A. 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