{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:56:27Z","timestamp":1790394987027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hexaflumuron, one of the benzoylphenylurea insect growth regulators, can be leached into surface water and thus having a potential impact on aquatic organisms. In this study, the photodegradation processes of hexaflumuron under high\u2010pressure mercury lamp irradiation were assessed. The photodegradation kinetics were studied, as were the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>, different light sources, organic solvents and environmental substances, including nitrate ions (NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>), nitrite ions (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>), ferrous ions (Fe<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>), ferric ions (Fe<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>), humic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). Three photodegradation products in methanol were identified by gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS). In general, the degradation of hexaflumuron followed first\u2010order kinetics. In the four media studied, the photodegradation rate order was n\u2010hexane\u00a0&gt;\u00a0methanol\u00a0&gt;\u00a0ultrapure water\u00a0&gt;\u00a0acetone. Faster degradation was observed under high\u2010pressure mercury lamp irradiation than under xenon lamp irradiation. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> had a considerable effect, with the most rapid degradation occurring at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> 5.0. The photodegradation rate of hexaflumuron was promoted in the presence of NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, Fe<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, humic acid, SDS and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, but inhibited by Fe<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>. Moreover, the presumed photodegradation pathway was proposed to be the cleavage of the urea linkage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T06:56:57Z","timestamp":1405061817000},"page":"1219-1223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Study of the Photodegradation Kinetics and Pathways of Hexaflumuron in Liquid Media"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Chengying","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pesticide Science Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pesticide Science Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pesticide Science Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pesticide Science Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2011.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.01.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-004-0066-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2008.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2012.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2012.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.09.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"364","article-title":"The residue and degradation of hexaflumuron in soil and cotton","volume":"20","author":"Mao J. 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