{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:24:09Z","timestamp":1773325449357,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]],"date-time":"2016-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    radiation contains erythemally weighted\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , as well as\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    that synthesizes vitamin D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Here, we attempted to determine the relationship between these factors by numerical simulation of atmospheric parameters, such as total ozone, using a simplified \u201c\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMART<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    2\u201d model for radiative transfer. Both forms of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were almost linearly correlated with each other for a comparably large\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    radiation exposure, larger than\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Index ~1.6. If erythemally weighted\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , which carries a risk of sunburn, is known, the amount of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    exposure needed for vitamin D synthesis in the epidermis can be estimated using this relationship. The production of 10\u00a0\u03bcg (400\u00a0IU) of vitamin D per day takes approximately 1\/3 of the time needed to reach the minimal erythemal dose (MED) for an effective skin area of 600\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    for skin phototype\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . For an area of 1200\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 1\/6 of that exposure time suffices. From a\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Index that is commonly used, the risks and benefits can be evaluated using this linear relationship, which will enable people to effectively manage their\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    exposure and consider the risks and benefits to optimize health outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T10:32:18Z","timestamp":1476786738000},"page":"863-869","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Determining an Effective UV Radiation Exposure Time for Vitamin D Synthesis in the Skin Without Risk to Health: Simplified Estimations from UV Observations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Masaatsu","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20108506 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20108506 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"WMO and GAW(1997)Report of the WMO\u2010WHO meeting of experts on standardization of UV Indices and their dissemination to the public (Les Diablerets Switzerland 21\u201024 July 1997) No. 127."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"WHO WMO UNEP and ICNIRP.Global Solar UV INDEX\u2014A Practical Guide. 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Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare Japan.Dietary reference intakes for Japanese. Available at:http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/file\/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku\/Overview.pdf. 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