{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:07:06Z","timestamp":1773029226843,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001513","name":"Cancer Society of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008247","name":"University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Providing effective shade in summer recreation spaces can reduce children's risk of skin cancer. This study explored the quantity and protective quality of shade in Wellington, New Zealand playgrounds. Two researchers visited 50 randomly selected playgrounds during peak ultraviolet radiation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content>) hours in summer and recorded the mean shade cover of playground equipment, seats, tables and open areas. A solar meter was used to calculate the proportion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content> blocked by each built structure and tree. The results found that 95% of playground equipment and 64% of sitting and eating areas had no shade protection. Trees blocked a mean of 80.1% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 66.0\u201394.1) of direct solar <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content>, but mostly covered open areas, not playground equipment, seats and tables. The findings demonstrate that Wellington playgrounds have insufficient shade available. Increased shade in Wellington playgrounds is urgently needed to protect children from harmful <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content> exposure, particularly through planting trees with heavy foliage and building structures with large, protective roofing. This may well be the case for other regions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NZ<\/jats:styled-content> and for other countries where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content> exposure is dangerous. The method used in this study provides a reliable means to evaluate shade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T07:52:38Z","timestamp":1510041158000},"page":"357-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Wellington Playgrounds Uncovered: An Examination of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Shade Protection in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3491-9405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Gage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion &amp; Policy Research Unit University of Otago Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"O'Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion &amp; Policy Research Unit University of Otago Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Reeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Society Social &amp; Behavioural Research Unit University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Signal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion &amp; Policy Research Unit University of Otago Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Under Cover: Guidelines for Shade Planning and Design","author":"Greenwood J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-011-9780-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008980919928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970106)70:1<26::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb124456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel and promising sun safety interventions: UV photography and shade structures","volume":"2","author":"Boyers L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"OA Dermatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"Health Promotion Agency(2016)Sun Exposure Survey 2016 Youth Report. Available at:http:\/\/www.hpa.org.nz\/sites\/default\/files\/2016_ses_youth_report_final.pdf. Accessed on 09\/06 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/HE11097"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Dobbinson S. C.DoyleandY.Effendi(2005)Sun Protection Behaviour of Junior Cricketers and their Coaches: An Observational Study. In CBRC Research Paper Series. pp.1\u201314 Melbourne Vic. Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"The Sun Protection Environment at Swimming Pools in Victoria, 2000\u20132001","author":"Gartland D.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603120020047500"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/45\/2\/307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199906000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004840050128"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Mackay C.(2003)Sunshade Design in New Zealand Primary Schools. In PLEA 2003 Conference \u2013 Proceedings. pp.143\u2013148 Santiago \u2013 Chile."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","author":"Gage R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research(2016)Climate Data and Activities. Available at:https:\/\/www.niwa.co.nz\/education-and-training\/schools\/resources\/climate. Accessed on 6 March 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1998.tb138960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","volume-title":"Shade Guidelines","author":"SunSmart Victoria","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","volume-title":"SunSmart Councils","author":"Health Promotion Agency","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Photochemistry and Photobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fphp.12855","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/php.12855","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T15:01:58Z","timestamp":1694876518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/php.12855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/php.12855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/php.12855","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-8655","1751-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-8655","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-1097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]}}}