{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:44:32Z","timestamp":1776357872419,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sun protection factor (SPF) is the most important quantity to characterize the performance of sunscreens. As the standard method for its determination is based on clinical trials involving irradiation of human volunteers, calculations of sunscreen performance have become quite popular to reduce the number of <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> studies. Such simulations imply the calculation of UV transmittance of the sunscreen film using the amounts and spectroscopic properties of the UV absorbers employed, and presuppose the validity of the Beer\u2013Lambert law. As sunscreen films on human skin can contain considerable concentrations of UV absorbers, it is questioned whether the Beer\u2013Lambert law is still valid for these systems. The results of this work show that the validity of the Beer\u2013Lambert law is still given at the high concentrations at which UV absorbers occur in sunscreen films on human skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T04:12:55Z","timestamp":1511496775000},"page":"384-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["On the Validity of Beer\u2013Lambert Law and its Significance for Sunscreens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Bernd","family":"Herzog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF Grenzach GmbH Grenzach\u2010Wyhlen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Schultheiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de Chimie de Mulhouse Universit\u00e9 de Haute\u2010Alsace Mulhouse France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Giesinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF Grenzach GmbH Grenzach\u2010Wyhlen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet\u2010induced erythema in human skin","volume":"6","author":"McKinlay A. 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