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Ten uniradicular teeth (control group (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CG<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a04 (2 and test group (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a06) with primary endodontic infections, from both genders, between 17 and 65\u00a0years old, were analyzed. Microbiological samples were collected before and after chemical\u2013mechanical instrumentation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content>), after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aPDT<\/jats:styled-content> (for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>), and after the removal of the temporary restorations (second session). In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aPDT<\/jats:styled-content> was performed with 100\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> methylene blue and irradiated with low power laser (InGa<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIP<\/jats:styled-content>, 660\u00a0nm; 100\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mW<\/jats:styled-content>; 40\u00a0s) with a fiber\u2010coupled optical laser. Another irradiation (3\u00a0J; 30\u00a0s; spot size of 3\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was performed in the gingiva close to the apical foramen. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> was performed, after previous whole\u2010genome amplification, for <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Candida<\/jats:italic> genus and Bacteria domain. For <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>, a positive tooth for <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp. before of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content> presented negative results in subsequent samples. Additionally, <jats:italic>E.\u00a0faecalis<\/jats:italic> species was present in four samples before <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content>, two after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content>, in one after the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aPDT<\/jats:styled-content> and was not detected at the second session. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aPDT<\/jats:styled-content> may be an effective adjunct therapy, resulting in a reduction (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0286) of the incidence of <jats:italic>E.\u00a0faecalis<\/jats:italic> before root canal obturation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T18:16:39Z","timestamp":1511374599000},"page":"351-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Conventional Endodontic Treatment: A Clinical and Molecular Microbiological Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Caroline C.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Science Fluminense Federal University Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio P.","family":"Chaves J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Science Fluminense Federal University Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela L. 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