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However, there are concerns that even short\u2010term exposure of cervical tissue to dilute proflavine may increase cervical cancer risk. We performed a retrospective analysis of women referred for colposcopy to Barretos Cancer Hospital comparing the risk of cervical disease progression in those whose cervical tissue was (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 232) or was not exposed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 160) to proflavine. Patients in both groups underwent treatment and follow\u2010up based on histopathologic results and per the local standards of care. Progression of disease was evaluated by comparing histopathology from the initial visit to the worst subsequent histopathology result from all follow\u2010up visits. Mean duration of follow\u2010up was 18.7 and 20.1 months for the proflavine\u2010exposed and controls groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in disease progression from normal\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIN<\/jats:styled-content>1 to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIN<\/jats:styled-content>2\/3 or from any initial diagnosis to invasive cancer between the proflavine exposed and control groups overall. Risks of cervical dysplasia progression observed in this study are in agreement with those of the natural history of cervical cancer. Our results suggest that cervical exposure to dilute proflavine does not increase the risk of cervical precancer and cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,7]],"date-time":"2018-07-07T07:43:37Z","timestamp":1530949417000},"page":"1308-1313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Is Proflavine Exposure Associated with Disease Progression in Women with Cervical Dysplasia? A Brief Report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Naitielle","family":"Pantano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education and Research Barretos Cancer Hospital Pio XII Foundation Barretos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology Center Department of Cancer Prevention Barretos Cancer Hospital Pio XII Foundation Barretos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1143-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brady","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelin","family":"Cherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio C\u00e9sar","family":"Possati\u2010Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education and Research Barretos Cancer Hospital Pio XII Foundation Barretos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology Center Department of Cancer Prevention Barretos Cancer Hospital Pio XII Foundation Barretos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adhemar","family":"Longatto\u2010Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Center Department of Cancer Prevention Barretos Cancer Hospital Pio XII Foundation Barretos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14 FMUSP S\u00e3o Paulo University S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences Life and Health Sciences Research Institute ICVS Uminho University Braga Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's \u2010 PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Humberto Tavares Guerreiro","family":"Fregnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education and Research Barretos Cancer Hospital Pio XII Foundation Barretos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology Center Department of Cancer Prevention Barretos Cancer Hospital Pio XII Foundation Barretos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip E.","family":"Castle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Coalition against Cervical Cancer New York NY"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Schmeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Richards\u2010Kortum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)58926-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2001.07.15.44.59.c3060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Wound dressing where there is limitation of choice","volume":"8","author":"Rahman G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nigerian J. 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