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PDT efficacy is dictated by a complex relationship between dosimetry parameters such as the concentration of the photosensitizer at the tumor site, its spatial localization (intracellular or extracellular), light dose and distribution, oxygen distribution and concentration, and the heterogeneity of the inter\u2010 and intratumoral microenvironment. Studying and characterizing these parameters, along with monitoring tumor heterogeneity pre\u2010 and post\u2010PDT, provides essential data for predicting therapeutic response and the design of subsequent therapies. In this review, we elucidate the role of ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic imaging in improving PDT\u2010mediated outcomes in cancer\u2014from tracking photosensitizer uptake and vascular destruction, to measuring oxygenation dynamics and the overall evaluation of tumor responses. We also present recent advances in multifunctional theranostic nanomaterials that can improve either US or photoacoustic imaging contrast, as well as deliver photosensitizers specifically to tumors. Given the wide availability, low\u2010cost, portability and nonionizing nature of US and photoacoustic imaging, together with their capabilities of providing multiparametric morphological and functional information, these technologies are thusly inimitable when deployed in conjunction with PDT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T01:57:11Z","timestamp":1578621431000},"page":"260-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Role of Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging in Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Hester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maju","family":"Kuriakose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1547-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srivalleesha","family":"Mallidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers9020019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02389584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4PP00495G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900300p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01913120490515586"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460800700405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/637429","article-title":"Perspectives on the role of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer","volume":"2012","author":"Li W.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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