{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T17:32:18Z","timestamp":1792863138872,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]],"date-time":"2020-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16k10126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16k10126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Germicidal lamps that emit primarily 254\u00a0nm ultraviolet radiation (UV) are routinely utilized for surface sterilization but cannot be used for human skin because they cause genotoxicity. As an alternative, 222\u2010nm UVC has been reported to exert sterilizing ability comparable to that of 254\u2010nm UVC without producing cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), the major DNA lesions caused by UV. However, there has been no clear evidence for safety in chronic exposure to skin, particularly with respect to carcinogenesis. We therefore investigated the long\u2010term effects of 222\u2010nm UVC on skin using a highly photocarcinogenic phenotype mice that lack xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (<jats:italic>Xpa<\/jats:italic>\u2010) gene, which is involved in repairing of CPDs. CPDs formation was recognized only uppermost layer of epidermis even with high dose of 222\u2010nm UVC exposure. No tumors were observed in <jats:italic>Xpa<\/jats:italic>\u2010knockout mice and wild\u2010type mice by repetitive irradiation with 222\u2010nm UVC, using a protocol which had shown to produce tumor in <jats:italic>Xpa<\/jats:italic>\u2010knockout mice irradiated with broad\u2010band UVB. Furthermore, erythema and ear swelling were not observed in both genotype mice following 222\u2010nm UVC exposure. Our data suggest that 222\u2010nm UVC lamps can be safely used for sterilizing human skin as far as the perspective of skin cancer development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,29]],"date-time":"2020-03-29T08:45:11Z","timestamp":1585471511000},"page":"853-862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":177,"title":["Long\u2010term Effects of 222\u2010nm ultraviolet radiation C Sterilizing\u00a0Lamps on Mice Susceptible to Ultraviolet Radiation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Nozomi","family":"Yamano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Internal Related Graduate School of Medicine Kobe University Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2210-6108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Kunisada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Internal Related Graduate School of Medicine Kobe University Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Kaidzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Izumo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunobu","family":"Sugihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Izumo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiko","family":"Nishiaki\u2010Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ushio Inc. 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