{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:00:38Z","timestamp":1785448838663,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp;amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The COVID\u201019 pandemic increased sales of portable UV\u2010C devices as a means of inactivating the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virus. Research suggests that excessive UV\u2010C exposure to the eyes and skin can lead to side\u2010effects, primarily photokeratitis and erythema, but these findings are limited to case studies. This study explores self\u2010reported side\u2010effects of UV\u2010C devices by collating five waves of UK consumer survey data from April 2020\u2013December 2021 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a026\u2009864). 30%\u201346% of owners report a side\u2010effect after using a device claiming to emit UV\u2010C. However, detailed analysis of Wave 4 data (\n                    <jats:italic>N\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0309) highlights inconsistencies between reported and plausible side\u2010effect(s) associated with skin or eye exposure from UV\u2010C devices. Alternative explanations are considered, namely that the reported side\u2010effect(s) were psychosomatic or misattributed to direct exposure of UV\u2010C radiation. Data regarding awareness of warnings about device side\u2010effect(s) supports the misattribution explanation. For risk assessment purposes, limited reliable information about specific irritation or injury to the eye and skin was found from self\u2010reporting surveys. To optimize future data collection, we recommend addressing recall errors by: reducing the period under investigation, supplementing responses with empirical measures, and incentivizing respondents to provide accurate information about the make and model of the UV\u2010C device.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T08:32:06Z","timestamp":1671438726000},"page":"1299-1309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Self\u2010reported Side\u2010effects of\n                    <scp>Ultraviolet\u2010C<\/scp>\n                    Disinfection Devices"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6665-9807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zo\u00eb","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Bechlivanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"O'Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dzhordzhio","family":"Naldzhiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Office for Product Safety and Standards  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Azevedo M.\u2010A.(2020)Hospital\u2010disinfecting robots: Xenex sees surge in orders as COVID\u201019 pandemic escalates. Available at:https:\/\/news.crunchbase.com\/news\/hospital\u2010disinfecting\u2010robots\u2010xenex\u2010sees\u2010surge\u2010in\u2010orders\u2010as\u2010covid\u201019\u2010pandemic\u2010escalates\/. Accessed on 20 October 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Kunthara S.(2020)Amid coronavirus outbreak UV sanitizing startups see surge in sales. Available at:https:\/\/news.crunchbase.com\/news\/amid\u2010coronavirus\u2010outbreak\u2010uv\u2010sanitizing\u2010startups\u2010see\u2010surge\u2010in\u2010sales\/. Accessed on 20 October 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Office for Product Safety and Standards(2020)OPSS Covid\u201019 Consumer Survey. Available at:https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/921375\/covid\u2010consumer\u2010survey\u2010summary.pdf. Accessed on 21 October 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Transport for London(2021)Installation of UV light devices on tube escalators is latest step in TfL's extensive anti\u2010viral cleaning regime. Available at:https:\/\/tfl.gov.uk\/info\u2010for\/media\/press\u2010releases\/2020\/october\/installation\u2010of\u2010uv\u2010light\u2010devices\u2010on\u2010tube\u2010escalators\u2010is\u2010latest\u2010step\u2010in\u2010tfl\u2010s\u2010extensive\u2010anti\u2010viral\u2010cleaning\u2010regime. 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