{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:31:28Z","timestamp":1788309088692,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beach holidays in areas of strong sunlight are popular and sunscreen is often the primary means of photoprotection favored by many people. The object of this study was to estimate how effective sunscreen is in preventing sunburn under high ultraviolet (UV) levels. We used a computational model to determine how the quantity, frequency, substantivity, and labeled SPF of applied sunscreens impact on the predicted erythemal response in unacclimatized skin over the course of a 7\u2010day holiday in a high\u2010solar environment. Our results indicated that sunscreen on its own may be insufficient to prevent sunburn in white skin on a sun\u2010seeking holiday that combines prolonged exposure with high UV levels. Nevertheless, sunscreens have a valuable role to play on a beach holiday especially if an SPF30 or higher is chosen, the product is applied liberally and uniformly, application is started early into the sun exposure period and repeated at 2\u2010hourly intervals throughout the day, and the product binds well to the skin. The main limitation of our investigation is that it is not an observational study but rather a computational model and while all models are wrong, some, including this one, are useful.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T10:36:33Z","timestamp":1692614193000},"page":"725-732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Is sunscreen alone effective at preventing sunburn on a high\u2010solar beach vacation: A modeling study?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8955-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian L.","family":"Diffey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute (Dermatology) Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0719-391X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alois W.","family":"Schmalwieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Physiology and Biophysics University of Veterinary Medicine  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287513496477"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2009.00442.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11473"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer","author":"Office of the Surgeon General","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2626-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-022-00293-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-2023(02)00205-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2009.00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2pp25127b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2009.00459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13466"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.117385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c7pp00260b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000517666"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"International Standard.Cosmetics\u2013Sun protection test methods\u2013Percentage of water resistance. 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