{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:30:16Z","timestamp":1781710216800,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unicellular microalga <jats:italic>Euglena gracilis<\/jats:italic> has always been considered the ideal alga to investigate photoreceptive responses and systems, and it has been the subject of hundreds of articles. Moreover, because of its detectable photoreceptor, it has been given a key role in the evolution of photoreception, from single and simple cells to complex visual system of higher organisms. In this article, we report the Raman spectra recorded in\u00a0vivo on photoreceptors of <jats:italic>E.\u2009gracilis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic> retina. The almost perfect superimposability (correlation coefficient <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.955) of these spectra states that the <jats:italic>Euglena<\/jats:italic> possesses a photoreceptor with the same structural characteristic of a vertebrate photoreceptor, i.e. a stack of membrane layers embedding rhodopsin\u2010like proteins. Raman spectra recorded in\u00a0vivo on photoreceptors of <jats:italic>E.\u2009gracilis<\/jats:italic> after hydroxylamine treatment further confirm our findings, which should lead to a reconsideration of most of the scientific literature on algae photoreception and eye evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T04:05:12Z","timestamp":1720670712000},"page":"350-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nomen omen: <i>Euglena gracilis<\/i> possesses a rhodopsin\u2010based photoreceptor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Lorenzetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Chimica e Composti Organo Metallici  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Barsanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Biofisica  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Birindelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Biofisica  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7203-948X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Gualtieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Biofisica  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Legnaioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Chimica e Composti Organo Metallici  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Organisation, 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