{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:26:03Z","timestamp":1791487563337,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem & Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The study aimed to directly assess the ocular safety of 222\u2010nm far\u2010ultraviolet\u2010C (UVC) irradiation in humans, given the limited clinical trials in this area. This wavelength offers the potential for safe and effective microbial inactivation in occupied spaces, but its safety profile for human eyes requires thorough investigation. This prospective, interventional study involved five subjects aged 29\u201347\u2009years, who were exposed to 222\u2010nm UVC at doses of 22, 50, and 75\u2009mJ\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n . The subjects were monitored using custom\u2010made glasses with a UV\u2010cut filter on one eye to serve as a control. UVC irradiation was conducted using a KrCl excimer lamp, and ocular examinations were performed prior to exposure, 24\u2009h post\u2010exposure, and at 1, 3, and 6\u2009months. Parameters assessed included visual acuity, refractive error, corneal endothelial density, corneal erosion scores, and conjunctival hyperemia scores. The study found no clinically significant photokeratitis or long\u2010term eye damage across the five subjects, even at the highest dose of 75\u2009mJ\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n . Temporary ocular discomfort, including sensations of dryness and epiphora, was reported, but these symptoms subsided within hours after irradiation. The findings indicate that 222\u2010nm far\u2010UVC irradiation up to 75\u2009mJ\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n does not cause \u201cclinically significant photokeratitis\u201d or long\u2010term ocular damage, though it may induce temporary discomfort. This supports the safe use of 222\u2010nm UVC for germicidal applications in occupied environments, providing a basis for revised safety guidelines.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.14016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T01:19:58Z","timestamp":1724116798000},"page":"517-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Interventional human ocular safety experiments for 222\u2010nm far\u2010ultraviolet\u2010C lamp irradiation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Kazunobu","family":"Sugihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Izumo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3324-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachiko","family":"Kaidzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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