{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:11:54Z","timestamp":1785831114697,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photoexcitation of cellular as well as isolated DNAs upon exposure to the UV portion of sunlight or other UV sources can lead to the covalent dimerization of adjacent intra\u2010strand stacked pyrimidine nucleobase rings (i.e., at 5\u2032\u2010Py\u2010p\u2010Py\u20103\u2032 sites). These modifications generate, in mammalian DNA as well as the DNA of all other forms of life, lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6\u20104) pyrimidone photoproducts (6\u20104PPs); and, in bacterial endospores, spore photoproducts (SPs). Importantly, the lesions formed in higher organisms can lead to disease states including cancer. While the formation, structure, and biological outcomes of pyrimidine dimer lesions have been the focus of much research, less has been known about their fundamental chemical properties until recently. Such an understanding of these lesions may lead to novel means to chemically identify and quantitate their presence in the genome. This review is intended to provide an overview of intra\u2010strand pyrimidine dimer lesions derived from 5\u2032\u2010T\u2010p\u2010T sites <jats:italic>with a focus on presenting what is currently known about their individual<\/jats:italic> in\u00a0vitro <jats:italic>alkaline chemical reactivities<\/jats:italic>. Included here are descriptions of investigations of the DNA lesions CPD, 6\u20104PP, and SP, and, for comparison, the monomeric pyrimidine lesion 5,6\u2010dihydo\u20102\u2032\u2010deoxyuridine (dHdU). Of interest, the alkaline hydrolyses of these various lesions are all found to be centered on the loss of aromaticity of a lesion Py ring (T) leading to a carbonyl \u201chot spot,\u201d the focal point of initial hydrolytic attack.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.14031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T10:29:25Z","timestamp":1728988165000},"page":"1698-1712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["On the chemistry of sunlight\u2010induced <scp>DNA<\/scp> lesions: A perspective on the alkaline chemical\u2010induced reactivities of photo\u2010damaged pyrimidine intra\u2010strand dimers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3819-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritu","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Chemical Biology Indiana University Indianapolis  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Chemical Biology Indiana University Indianapolis  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.47.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4505-3_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/362709a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00432-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2012.01200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Photochemistry of Nucleic Acids: Bioorganic Photochemistry","author":"Cadet 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