{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:08:13Z","timestamp":1791356893796,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The ocular safety of 222\u2010nm far\u2010ultraviolet\u2010C (UV\u2010C) irradiation, widely recognized for its germicidal properties, was evaluated in a clinical setting to assess its long\u2010term health effects on the human eye. This prospective observational study involved a 36\u2010month follow\u2010up of physicians working in an ophthalmic examination room equipped with 222\u2010nm UV\u2010C lamps. Initially, a 12\u2010month observation showed no signs of acute or chronic ocular damage. To further substantiate these findings, the study period was extended to 36\u2009months, during which four participants underwent regular ocular examinations, including assessments of visual acuity, refractive error, and corneal endothelial cell density. The irradiation dose was meticulously controlled to remain within the previous threshold limit of 22\u2009mJ\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    over an 8\u2010h period, as advised by the ACGIH prior to 2022. Results indicated no significant changes in these parameters, suggesting no clinically significant ocular hazards associated with prolonged exposure to 222\u2010nm UV\u2010C irradiation under real\u2010world conditions. Additionally, no delayed side effects, such as pterygium, keratopathies, or cataracts, were observed. Our study supports the safe use of 222\u2010nm UV\u2010C for microbial disinfection in occupied environments and provides a robust foundation for updated safety guidelines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.14052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T02:48:07Z","timestamp":1733885287000},"page":"1343-1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Ocular safety of 222\u2010nm far\u2010ultraviolet\u2010c full\u2010room germicidal irradiation: A 36\u2010month clinical observation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Kazunobu","family":"Sugihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine  Izumo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Kaidzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine  Izumo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ushio Inc.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Ichioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine  Izumo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiya","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine  Izumo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine  Izumo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6512-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Tanito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine  Izumo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Use of ultraviolet\u2010C in environmental sterilization in hospitals: a systematic review on efficacy and safety","volume":"14","author":"Ramos CCR","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci (Qassim)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13602"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR0010CC.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138418"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08462-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13866"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2019.1603378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13750"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Ultraviolet Radiation: TLV(R) Physical Agents Documentation","author":"American_Conference_of_Governmental_Industrial_Hygienists_(ACGIH)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"2021 Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices","author":"American_Conference_of_Governmental_Industrial_Hygienists_(ACGIH)","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-197312000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.14016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13710"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.11.1537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197412000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.01-1221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03039-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-013-9791-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-021-00123-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21058-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67211-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235948"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2021.30.2.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294427"}],"container-title":["Photochemistry and Photobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/php.14052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T12:33:18Z","timestamp":1758889998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/php.14052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/php.14052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/php.14052","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-8655","1751-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-8655","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-1097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}