{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:01:46Z","timestamp":1780678906299,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020392","name":"Good Ventures Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020166","name":"Flu Lab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Within the ultraviolet C (UVC) spectrum, the wavelengths in the 200\u2013235\u2009nm range, here named far\u2010UVC, have been shown to effectively inactivate a variety of pathogens. Because of their limited penetration in biological materials, far\u2010UVC wavelengths are anticipated to be minimally damaging to human skin and eyes. The germicidal efficacy of these wavelengths combined with a predicted low health hazard for humans suggests that far\u2010UVC sources could operate continuously in indoor locations to reduce the risk of transmission of airborne diseases among occupants. While it is well\u2010established that exposure to far\u2010UVC light is minimally damaging to skin, concerns remain on the safety of exposed eyes. Scientific bodies overseeing UV radiation protection recommend eye safety limits based on published peer\u2010reviewed data. To support this goal, our previous work used a 3D model of the human cornea to assess the wavelength dependence of corneal damage induced by UVC radiation; unlike relatively longer wavelengths, far\u2010UVC wavelengths induced DNA dimers only in the uppermost layers of the corneal epithelium. Here, similar eye safety studies were extended to excised human corneas. The depth of DNA photodamage into the corneal epithelium was evaluated after exposure of the anterior surface to 50\u2009mJ\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    or 100\u2009mJ\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    from 222\u2009nm or 254\u2009nm light.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.70093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T04:30:56Z","timestamp":1774326656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Depth of\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    photodamage in human corneas exposed to 222\u2009nm or 254\u2009nm\n                    <scp>UV<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3455-3602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Buonanno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Radiological Research  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istvan R.","family":"Boldogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Confocal and Specialized Microscopy Shared Resource in the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7715-3260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raabia","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Radiological Research  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9354-4546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camryn","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Radiological Research  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2784-496X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Radiological Research  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa C.","family":"Swayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Confocal and Specialized Microscopy Shared Resource in the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0926-1210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Radiological Research  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491012500105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2022.2084315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040684"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67211-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR0010CC.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2019.1603378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13866"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12580"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.70010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00110-7"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"2165","article-title":"UV absorbance of the human cornea in the 240\u2010 to 400\u2010nm range","volume":"43","author":"Kolozsv\u00e1ri L","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09241-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84196-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13294"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"3125","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of 222\u2010nm far\u2010UVC disinfection for ophthalmic surgery","volume":"64","author":"Chen T\u2010W","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2025.2524564"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.14016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.14052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"ACGIH.2022 TLVs and BEIs based on the documentation of the threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents & biological exposure indices.2022A.C.o.G.I. Hygienists Cincinnati OH."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-200408000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-23944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1pp05144j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61030416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13111344"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"6099","article-title":"The human tear film does not significantly protect the cornea from far\u2010UVC (222nm) light","volume":"66","author":"Kleiman NJ","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13750"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S262060"}],"container-title":["Photochemistry and Photobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/php.70093","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/php.70093","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/php.70093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:15:29Z","timestamp":1780676129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/php.70093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/php.70093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/php.70093","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-8655","1751-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-8655","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-1097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"php.70093"}}