{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T07:02:00Z","timestamp":1780729320265,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13N13400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13N13400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of the study was to test the applicability of the action spectrum of melatonin suppression (MS) based on monochromatic experimental data from Brainard et\u00a0al. (\n                    <jats:italic>Journal of Neuroscience<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 2001, 21, 6405) and Thapan et\u00a0al. (\n                    <jats:italic>Journal of Physiology<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 2001, 535, 261) to quantify MS using white light and to characterize its temporal course during the first hour of exposure. Using a within\u2010subject design, 32 healthy adults (12 males\/20 females) with free pupil adaptation were exposed to white light of 1904\u20136996\u2009K in correlated color temperature (CCT), and to blue light (BL, 474\u2009nm). Two \u201ccircadian effective\u201d irradiances (\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.264\u2009W\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 0.528\u2009W\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) based on Gall's metric (\n                    <jats:italic>Licht<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 2002, 54, 1292) were applied for 60\u2009min using ganzfeld devices. Melatonin concentrations were measured in blood plasma. For 25 participants with complete data sets at\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.264\u2009W\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    , the r\u2010ANOVA indicated a significant difference in MS between the five different light spectra,\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (4,96)\u2009=\u20094.97,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.011. The Bonferroni\u2010corrected post hoc paired t\u2010test (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.005) showed significantly lower melatonin reduction by BL than white light of 2883\u2009K and 1904\u2009K, but not vs. 6997\u2009K and 4663\u2009K. This was due to an unexpectedly high proportion of 11 subjects (=44%) who did not respond to BL with MS (\u201cBL non\u2010responders\u201d). For 14 subjects (\u201cBL responders\u201d, =56%), r\u2010ANOVA confirmed equivalent values of MS under all five lighting conditions at both irradiances. Additivity of spectral contributions to the circadian effectiveness of white light is limited, as is reciprocity only with respect to cold white light.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T06:41:13Z","timestamp":1780728073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effects of spectrum, irradiance, and duration of exposure on light\u2010induced melatonin suppression in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3612-4622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helmut","family":"Piazena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin, Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine  Berlin 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Sleep Medicine  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5567-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingo","family":"Fietze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin, Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2015.03.002","article-title":"Melatonin: physiological effects in humans","volume":"61","author":"Claustat B","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2003.00987.x","article-title":"Importance and relevance of melatonin 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