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Participants (Fitzpatrick skin type I\u2010III;\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200958) received solar\u2010simulated UVR (0.7 and 1.6 standard erythemal doses, SED) on the lower back on four consecutive days. Doses were delivered at either UVI 2.8 or UVI 8.0. Skin biopsies were collected at baseline, and from exposed sites at 15\u2009min, 24, and 72\u2009h. Immunofluorescent staining assessed the induction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), P53 expression, and 8\u2010oxo\u20107,8\u2010dihydro\u20102\u2032\u2010deoxyguanosine (8\u2010oxodG) damage in epidermal cells. Exposure to 1.6 SED caused a significantly greater increase in the percentage of CPD\u2010positive cells compared with 0.7 SED (e.g., UVI 8: 15\u2009min 3.67% vs. 0.89%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Similarly, exposure to the 1.6 SED dose caused greater P53 expression than the 0.7 SED dose; at 72\u2009h there was a 2.5\u2010 to 3\u2010fold higher P53 expression in the samples exposed to 1.6 SED. UVR irradiance did not affect CPD or P53 responses. 8\u2010oxodG showed minimal, nonsignificant changes over time. UVR delivered at doses that can maintain adequate vitamin D status, and at naturally occurring irradiance, leads to measurable DNA damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.70120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:05:17Z","timestamp":1782741917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The burning question: Does exposure to low dose and low irradiance ultraviolet radiation lead to cutaneous\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    damage in people with skin types I\u2013\n                    <scp>III<\/scp>\n                    ?"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1747-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montana","family":"O'Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunter","family":"Hartel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1818-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaozhun","family":"Hang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6371-8473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga V.","family":"Ilinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncogenomics Lab QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6406-4076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiarash","family":"Khosrotehrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Victoria  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Whiteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140612222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.0160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp3212203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Skin Cancer in Australia","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.National Health Measures Survey.2025Accessed October 28 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