{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:14:54Z","timestamp":1789802094122,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023089","name":"Southern Illinois University Edwardsville","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    3D\u2010printed photodynamic materials offer a route to fabricate light\u2010activated antimicrobial objects, but their performance depends strongly on photosensitizer (PS) retention, accessibility, and photophysical behavior after thermal processing. Here, rose bengal (RB) and zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) were incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) at 0.5% (w\/w) and processed by melt extrusion and three\u2010dimensional printing. The characteristic absorption and fluorescence emission bands of both chromophores were retained after processing, and the dual formulation provided complementary absorption in the green and red regions of the visible spectrum. RB release from the dual\u2010PS material followed biexponential kinetics, with\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.39\u2009\u00b1\u20090.29\u2009min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>slow<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.013\u2009\u00b1\u20090.004\u2009min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Under white\u2010light irradiation, RB\u2010containing materials produced approximately 5\u20136 log reductions (&gt;99.999%) in bacterial viability, with\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    inactivated more rapidly than\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . ZnPc\u2010containing PLA alone produced only partial inactivation, and no appreciable dark toxicity was observed. These results identify PS accessibility as a critical parameter governing the performance of melt\u2010processed photodynamic materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.70156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:17:17Z","timestamp":1789798637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual\u2010photosensitizer polylactic acid filaments for\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    \u2010printed photodynamic antimicrobial materials"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Southern Illinois University Edwardsville  Edwardsville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Southern Illinois University Edwardsville  Edwardsville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitika","family":"Paudyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Southern Illinois University Edwardsville  Edwardsville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9704-8897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taufiq","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Southern Illinois University Edwardsville  Edwardsville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7898-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s M.","family":"Durantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Southern Illinois University Edwardsville  Edwardsville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00186-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00020-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c21723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.4c01631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5MH01431J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.157753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-6030(92)85016-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2050-6120\/aa61ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am100195v"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2007.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2VA00166G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01711-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaenm.5c00455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B311900A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B809624D"}],"container-title":["Photochemistry 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