{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:01:17Z","timestamp":1790784077434,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp;amp; Photobiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a metabolic imbalance and oxidative stress, which can lead to significant DNA damage. While photobiomodulation (PBM) is a widely recognized non\u2010invasive therapy for managing arthritic pain and inflammation, its effects on the mechanisms of DNA repair, specifically the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway, remain unexplored in zymosan\u2010induced arthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of PBM on the mRNA levels of key BER genes in an experimental model of arthritis. Male C57BL\/6 mice were subjected to zymosan\u2010induced arthritis and treated with a low\u2010power infrared laser (830\u2009nm; 10\u2009mW, 0.15 and 1.5\u2009J, 15 and 150\u2009s, 0.05\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 200\u2009mW\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 3 or 30\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , continuous emission mode). Animals were euthanized at 24, 48, and 72\u2009h post\u2010induction, total mRNA was extracted from joint tissues, and transcription of APE1, POL\u03b2, XRCC1, FEN1, and LIG1 genes was quantified using RT\u2010qPCR. Zymosan\u2010induced inflammation significantly altered relative mRNA levels of BER genes over time, generally increasing the expression of XRCC1, FEN1, and LIG1. PBM at 24\u2009h, both 3 and 30\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    fluences, significantly reduced APE1, FEN1, and LIG1 mRNA levels. At 48\u2009h, PBM reduced XRCC1, FEN1, and LIG1 expression but, at 72\u2009h, PBM increased transcription of LIG1 gene. Transcription of POL\u03b2 gene was not significantly affected. These findings suggest that PBM modulates the relative mRNA levels of genes involved in both the short\u2010patch and long\u2010patch BER pathways in zymosan\u2010induced arthritis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/php.70162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:05:41Z","timestamp":1790780741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photobiomodulation alters base excision repair gene expression in an experimental model of arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6072-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vict\u00f3ria Batista","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora  Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5431-3674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro Carneiro","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora  Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3408-4826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00facia Mara Janu\u00e1rio","family":"dos Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora  Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8748-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Caroline","family":"da Silva Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8096-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelle Abreu","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Fisiol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Biom\u00e9dico Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9849-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via","family":"de Paoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora  Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4441-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adenilson","family":"de Souza da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Fisiol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Biom\u00e9dico Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Centro Universit\u00e1rio Serra dos \u00d3rg\u00e3os  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"388","author":"Smolen 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