{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T04:48:30Z","timestamp":1764305310693},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Skin cancer and other adverse health effects result from excess solar ultraviolet radiation exposure. Sun protective practices are important interventions for skin cancer prevention, particularly when implemented early in life. Several international studies have assessed children's sun\u2010related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in school settings but never before in S<\/jats:styled-content>outhern A<\/jats:styled-content>frica, where multiethnic populations exist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Purpose<\/jats:title>The purpose of this study is to describe the sun\u2010related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours as self\u2010reported by S<\/jats:styled-content>outh A<\/jats:styled-content>frican primary schoolchildren and consider the roles of sex and skin type.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A randomly selected sample of 707 schoolchildren from 24 government, urban schools in all nine provinces of S<\/jats:styled-content>outh A<\/jats:styled-content>frica were surveyed regarding their sun\u2010related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Approximately 56% of students reported experience of sunburn last summer and 59% stated that they had got a suntan. Many students (64.5%) believed that one could protect oneself from getting skin cancer by avoiding getting sunburnt. Other means reported to do so by the students were to use sunscreen (65.4%), stay out of the summer sun (48.0%), cover up with clothing (45.5%) and eat the right foods (38.0%). Only about a quarter of the students (22.4%) wrongly agreed that it is safe to get sunburnt once or twice a year. Few students (8.7%) agreed that they like to have a suntan because they feel healthier and agreed that they think a suntan makes them feel more attractive to others (17.3%). Few also agreed that most of their friends (16.1%) and family (14.2%) think that a suntan is a good thing. Children reporting to have white\/light brown skin (69.4%) were more likely to agree that they used sunscreen to protect themselves from getting sunburnt compared with children having brown\/dark brown\/black skin (54.8%) (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>S<\/jats:styled-content>outh A<\/jats:styled-content>frican schoolchildren at urban government schools do have some knowledge about sun protection, and they do have some positive sun behaviours; however, the reported occurrence of sunburn, a risk factor for skin cancer, was relatively high. There were few differences in responses by sex and some differences by skin type. These findings are important for the development of appropriate sun protection programmes aimed at schoolchildren in S<\/jats:styled-content>outh A<\/jats:styled-content>frica and other countries with similar multi\u2010ethnic populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,14]],"date-time":"2014-01-14T08:14:53Z","timestamp":1389687293000},"page":"266-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Self\u2010reported sun\u2010related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among schoolchildren attending S<\/scp>outh A<\/scp>frican primary schools"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Caradee Y.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Climate Studies, Modelling and Environmental Health Research Group Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia N.","family":"Albers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Environment and Health Research Unit Houghton South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Oosthuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Climate Studies, Modelling and Environmental Health Research Group Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelvia","family":"Phala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Climate Studies, Modelling and Environmental Health Research Group Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Solar and ultraviolet radiation","volume":"55","author":"IARC","year":"1992","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Community Preventive Services Task Force.Preventing skin cancer: primary and middle school interventions.2012. Available athttp:\/\/www.thecommunityguide.org\/cancer\/skin\/education\u2010policy\/primaryandmiddleschools.html. Accessed 27 January 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/12.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2008.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2008.01408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"765","article-title":"Sun protection behaviour and individual risk factors of Turkish Primary School Students associated with skin cancer: a questionnaire\u2010based study","volume":"12","author":"Ergul S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2012.00671.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Incidence of histologically diagnosed cancer in South Africa, 1998\u20131999","author":"Mqoqi N","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"NcongwaneKP CoetzeeGJR.A quantitative analysis of the SAWS GAW UVB network and data since 1994.South African Society for Atmospheric Science Conference Proceedings.2010. 22\u201323 September 2010. 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