{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:36:22Z","timestamp":1761708982719},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]],"date-time":"2014-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Advances in sunscreen technologies have yielded broad spectrum sunscreens at high\u2010sun protection factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPF<\/jats:styled-content>) and ultraviolet A protection factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVA\u2010PF<\/jats:styled-content>) levels that are photostable and powerful in protecting skin from erythema. Questions arise whether these sunscreens protect proportionally against cellular skin damage caused by high ultraviolet exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study is to evaluate if high\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPF<\/jats:styled-content> sunscreen can protect skin at a cellular level under <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> exposure doses [&gt;\u200950 minimal erythema dose (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content>)] similarly to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPF<\/jats:styled-content> value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sunburn cells, Langerhans cells, thymine dimers, protein 53 (p53), and matrix metalloproteinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 endpoints were evaluated in biopsies from 12 subjects following four treatments: unprotected exposed to 0, 1 and 3 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content> and sunscreen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPF<\/jats:styled-content> 55) protected exposed to 55 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content> of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> radiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All the markers showed significantly more damage for the 3 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010untreated sites when compared with non\u2010irradiated control, and majority of the markers showed marked damage following unprotected 1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content> exposure. After 55 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDs<\/jats:styled-content>, sunscreen\u2010protected sites showed significantly less p53 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 (keratinocyte) staining than the 1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010exposed unprotected sites, while all the other biomarkers in sunscreen protected sites showed no statistical differences from 1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010exposed unprotected sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPF<\/jats:styled-content> photostable sunscreen with high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVA\u2010PF<\/jats:styled-content> can provide proportionately high protection against multiple cellular damage markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T07:38:42Z","timestamp":1399534722000},"page":"212-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A broad spectrum high\u2010<scp>SPF<\/scp> photostable sunscreen with a high <scp>UVA\u2010PF<\/scp> can protect against cellular damage at high <scp>UV<\/scp> exposure doses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Curtis","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson &amp; Johnson Consumer and Personal Products Inc.  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