{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T17:37:35Z","timestamp":1768585055600,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001325","name":"Cancer Association of South Africa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008247","name":"University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin colour is an important factor in skin\u2010related diseases. Accurate determination of skin colour is important for disease prevention and supporting healthy sun behaviour, yet such data are lacking for dark skin types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010perceived, natural skin colour and sun\u2013skin reaction were compared with objectively measured skin colour among an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>frican population with predominantly dark skin. Unexposed skin of 556 adults (70.1% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>lack) was measured with a reflectance spectrophotometer to calculate an individual typology angle (\u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITA<\/jats:styled-content>). Participants reported self\u2010perceived skin colour and erythemal sensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a strong, positive monotonic correlation between self\u2010reported and measured skin colour (Spearman \u03c1\u00a0=\u00a00.6438, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), but only a weak correlation between self\u2010reported erythemal sensitivity and measured skin colour (Spearman \u03c1\u00a0=\u00a00.2713, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Self\u2010report biases in underestimation and overestimation of skin colour were evident. Many participants with \u2018dark brown\u2019 and \u2018black\u2019 skin had difficulty in classifying erythemal sensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>frica, self\u2010reported skin colour could potentially be used in lieu of spectrophotometer measurements, but options for questions on sunburn and tanning require suitable adjustment. Our study provides evidence of range in \u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITA<\/jats:styled-content> values among residents in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>frica and reinforces previous results that self\u2010report may be reliable for determining skin colour, but not erythemal sensitivity, for dark skin individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T15:54:59Z","timestamp":1435938899000},"page":"315-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Self\u2010reported skin colour and erythemal sensitivity vs. objectively measured constitutive skin colour in an <scp>A<\/scp>frican population with predominantly dark skin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Caradee Y.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment &amp; Health Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Geography, Meteorology and Geoinformatics University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Wilkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan L.","family":"du Plessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative North\u2010West University Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony I.","family":"Reeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Society of New Zealand Social and Behavioural Research Unit Department of Preventive and Social Medicine Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0620-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2006.00338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajs.v108i11\/12.1245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.6101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1998.tb00035.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.135476"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701238"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"Measuring skin cancer risk in African Americans: is the Fitzpatrick skin type classification scale culturally sensitive?","volume":"20","author":"Pichon LC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Skin cancer in skin of color: an update on current facts, trends, and misconceptions","volume":"12","author":"Battie C","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.1991.tb00561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12529"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"Statistics South Africa.Statistical Research P0302 Mid\u2010year population estimates 2014. 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