{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T04:26:10Z","timestamp":1783052770795,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content>) in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review aimed to address the following focused question: \u201cIs <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> effective in the treatment of symptomatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>?\u201d Indexed databases such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CENTRAL<\/jats:styled-content> were searched up to and including August 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six clinical studies were included. The risk of bias was considered high in 5 studies and moderate in one study. Parameters of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> such as wavelengths, energy fluence, power density and exposure time ranged between 320\u2010660\u00a0nm, 120\u00a0J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 130\u00a0mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and 70\u2010150\u00a0seconds, respectively. The follow\u2010up period ranged from 4 to 48\u00a0weeks. All included studies reporting clinical scores showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> was effective in the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> in adult patients at follow\u2010up. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> did not show significant improvement when compared with steroid therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photodynamic therapy appears to have some effect in the symptomatic treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> in adult patients. However, further randomized controlled trials with long follow\u2010up period, standardized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> parameters, and comparing the efficacy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> with steroid therapy are warranted to obtain strong conclusions in this regard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]],"date-time":"2017-12-09T23:36:47Z","timestamp":1512862607000},"page":"167-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9618-8818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohaib","family":"Akram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry Ziauddin University  Karachi 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