{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:21:38Z","timestamp":1768285298011,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethnicity, skin phototype and colour influenced minimal erythema dose (MED). Sun exposure has been postulated to increase MED. We determined immediate pigment darkening dose to UVA (IPDDA), MED and minimal melanogenic dose (MMD) for UVB and UVA, and investigated factors affecting these doses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin phototype was determined using Fitzpatrick phototype quiz, DSMII ColorMeter measured skin colours, sun exposure quantified using an index (SEI) and phototest performed with MEDlight\u2010Multitester.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 167 healthy volunteers participated. There were 110 (66%) females and 56 (34%) males; 124 (74.7%) were Malay, 27 (16.3%) Chinese and 14 (8.4%) Indians. One hundred and nine (65.7%) skin phototype IV, 30 (18.1%) phototype III and 27 (16.3%) phototype V. IPDDA ranges from 6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5\u20105.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4\u00a0J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. MED\u2010UVB were 96.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.6, 124\u00a0\u00b1\u00a029.3 and 118.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a027.4\u00a0mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for phototype III, IV and V, respectively. All MED\u2010UVA were outside the tested dose range of 3.6\u201011\u00a0J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. MMD\u2010UVB were 106\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.2, 134\u00a0\u00b1\u00a025.6 and 136\u00a0\u00b1\u00a031.1\u00a0mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> while MMD\u2010UVA were 4.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1, 4.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8 and 5.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7\u00a0J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> respectively for phototypes III, IV and V. MED\u2010UVB, MMD\u2010UVB and MMD\u2010UVA did not depend on skin phototype. Facultative skin whiteness (L*), erythema (E) and melanin content (M) correlated significantly with MED\u2010UVB while constitutive skin colours were significant for L*, yellowness (b*), E and M. Sun exposure did not significantly correlate with MED\u2010UVB and MMDs, however, an inverse relationship with MED\u2010UVB was demonstrated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minimal erythema doses in our cohort were slightly different from other regional countries. Constitutive and facultative skin whiteness, erythema and melanin content correlated with MED. There was no association between skin phototype and sun exposure with MED or MMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T18:19:47Z","timestamp":1530209987000},"page":"400-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The effect of pre\u2010phototest sun exposure on minimal erythema dose and minimal melanogenic dose among skin phototypes III, IV and V"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7595-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lok Chin","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Hospital Kuala Lumpur  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8683-7535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adawiyah","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norazirah","family":"Md Nor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.10.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1995.tb00172.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2012.00422.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00223.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Minimal erythema dose (MED) to narrow band ultraviolet\u2010B (NB\u2010UVB) broad band ultraviolet\u2010B (BB\u2010UVB)\u2010 A pilot study","volume":"68","author":"Serish C","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(08)60071-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb11821.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"780","article-title":"Determination of minimal erythema dose and anomalous reactions to UVA radiation by skin phototype","volume":"105","author":"Ferriols AP","year":"2014","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1689","article-title":"Preventive treatment of sunburn, dermatoheliosis, and skin cancer with sun\u2010protective agents","volume":"4","author":"Pathak MA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dermatol Gen Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12874671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2010.00544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2010.00508.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Measurement of cutaneous colour and assessment of skin type","volume":"7","author":"Andreassi L","year":"1990","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.1999.tb00121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690040068009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04358.x"}],"container-title":["Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &amp; 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