{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T01:33:40Z","timestamp":1781141620274,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultraviolet radiations (UV) absorbed by the skin can drive photochemical reactions which range from sunburn to skin cancer. The repeated exposure to Infrared radiations (IR) induces the heat into the skin, which causes dehydration and erythema as an immediate effect. This heat activates the metalloproteinase enzyme that reduces the number of procollagen and collagen fibers in the dermal skin, which results premature skin aging. This work aims to design a protective measure in order to avoid these damages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed protective measure is a wristwatch with an alert alarm which can sense UV and IR radiations. Whenever UV\/IR radiation levels exceed beyond the defined limits, alarm will be activated that warns the user to apply protective measures. These radiations are detected by SI1145 digital UV Index\/IR\/visible light sensor and assigned, using Arduino, to an appropriate UV index and IR radiation levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The IR and UV readings were recorded several times and at four different hours through the day. The readings showed its highest value at 10\u00a0<jats:sc>am<\/jats:sc> and 2\u00a0<jats:sc>pm<\/jats:sc>, which are considered the highest sun intensity. The other readings were at 6\u00a0<jats:sc>am<\/jats:sc> and 5\u00a0<jats:sc>pm<\/jats:sc> and considered the least dangerous hours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data collected from the sensor are used to program the alarm. To combine all components, a PCB and a prototype were designed and printed. The UV\/IR wristwatch is applicable to alert the user from the continuous and accumulated harmful effects of the radiations and enable them to seek protective measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T21:42:43Z","timestamp":1584567763000},"page":"278-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An approach to design a wristwatch for the protection of the human skin damage induced by ultraviolet and infrared radiations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8769-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Mehmood","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzma","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health College of Public Health Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.150555"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12942\/lrr-2008-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.5b00261"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Radiation and health Bull","volume":"65","author":"Lindell B","year":"1987","journal-title":"World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"810","article-title":"Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom\u2010catalysed destruction of ozone","volume":"55","author":"Molina MJ","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteorol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1783"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12646"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.60.8.0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Arctic Climate Impact Assessment","author":"Weatherhead B","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-0578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpo.2017.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962012000200004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690140041006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01807.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-016-0106-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3an36617k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2013.37035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2003.00054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2009.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711133372003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.19630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency.UV Index Scale.https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sunsafety\/uv-index-scale-1. 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