{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:29:17Z","timestamp":1790357357837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]],"date-time":"2020-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic drugs are a potentially reversible cause of photosensitivity. We explore prevalence, impact, phototest findings and culprit drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review of patients was diagnosed with drug\u2010induced photosensitivity in a specialist photoinvestigation centre (2000\u20102016), using data recorded in standardized pro forma. Patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation. Monochromator phototesting was performed to 300\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05 nm, 320\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010 nm, 330\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010 nm, 350\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020 nm, 370\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020 nm, 400\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020 nm, 500\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020nm and 600\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020 nm. Broadband UVA and solar\u2010simulated radiation (SSR) testing were performed, and photopatch testing and laboratory tests examined for other causes of photosensitivity. DLQI was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of drug\u2010induced photosensitivity was 5.4% (122\/2243) patients presenting with photosensitivity. Patients with drug\u2010induced photosensitivity were 52.5% female; median 62\u00a0years (range 11\u201086); phototype I (17.2%), II (39.3%), III (26.2%), IV (6.5%), V (4.1%). Fifty\u2010five (45.1%) patients had reduced erythemal thresholds on monochromator phototesting: 83.6%% to UVA alone, 14.5% to both UVA and UVB, 1.8% to UVA and visible light; 61.4% (n\u00a0=\u00a075) showed abnormal response to broadband UVR. Drugs implicated: quinine (11.5%), diuretics (10.7%; thiazide 9.8%), antifungals (9.8%), proton\u2010pump\u2010inhibitors (9.8%), angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors (7.4%), anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (6.6%), statins (5.7%), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (4.9%), calcium channel antagonists (3.3%), anti\u2010epileptics (3.3%), tricyclic antidepressants (3.3%), beta\u2010blockers (2.5%), antibiotics (2.5%), others (\u22641.6% cases each). Emerging culprits included azathioprine (2.5%) and biologics (TNF\u2010\u03b1 inhibitors, denosumab; 2.5%). Median DLQI was 11 (range 2\u201027) for the past year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Classically described photosensitizing drugs such as thiazides and quinine remain common offenders, while emerging culprits include biologics such as TNF\u2010a inhibitors and proton\u2010pump\u2010inhibitors. There is very large impact on life quality; identification facilitates measures including drug cessation and implementation of appropriate photoprotection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T09:39:30Z","timestamp":1592732370000},"page":"441-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Systemic drug photosensitivity\u2014Culprits, impact and investigation in 122 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Amirah","family":"Alrashidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences School of Biological Sciences Centre for Dermatology Research Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9107-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesley E.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences School of Biological Sciences Centre for Dermatology Research Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C. H.","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences School of Biological Sciences Centre for Dermatology Research Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firas C.","family":"Kreeshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences School of Biological Sciences Centre for Dermatology Research Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8602-7279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Farrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences School of Biological Sciences Centre for Dermatology Research Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0061-6011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tashmeeta","family":"Ahad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences School of Biological Sciences Centre for Dermatology Research Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-019-00806-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.06.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8PP00011E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03827-3_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Terminology of contact dermatitis","volume":"50","author":"Wilkinson DS","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00090.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2005.00137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2002.02778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91271-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Drug\u2010induced Photosensitivity","volume":"24","author":"Zuba EB","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11592780-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2016.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2014.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225050-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12491"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2008.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60668-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"RothsteinA.Denosumab Safety: FDA Analysis.Silverspring MD:FDA; (nd.) 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